References
1. Zhuang L-L, Wu Y-H, Espinosa VMD et al
(2016) Soluble algal products (SAPs) in large
scale cultivation of microalgae for biomass/
bioenergy production: a review. Renew Sustain
Energy Rev 59:141–148. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.rser.2015.12.352
2. Chaumont D (1993) Biotechnology of algal
biomass production: a review of systems for
outdoor mass culture. J Appl Phycol
5:593–604.
https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF02184638
3. Pruvost J, Cornet J-F, Pilon L (2016) Largescale production of algal biomass: photobioreactors. In: Bux F, Chisti Y (eds) Algae biotechnology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 41–66
4. Chisti Y (2016) Large-scale production of algal
biomass: raceway ponds. In: Bux F, Chisti Y
(eds)
Algae
biotechnology.
Springer,
New York, NY, pp 21–40
5. Becker EW (1994) Microalgae: biotechnology
and microbiology, first edit. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
6. Christenson L, Sims R (2011) Production and
harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnol
Adv 29:686–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.biotechadv.2011.05.015
7. Pulz O (2001) Photobioreactors: production
systems for phototrophic microorganisms.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:287–293.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100702
8. Chen C-Y, Yeh K-L, Aisyah R et al (2011)
Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production:
a critical review. Bioresour Technol 102:71–81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.
06.159
9. Brennan L, Owende P (2010) Biofuels from
microalgae—a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels
and co-products. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
14:557–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2009.10.009
10. Kumar A, Ergas S, Yuan X et al (2010)
Enhanced CO 2 fixation and biofuel production
via microalgae: recent developments and future
directions. Trends Biotechnol 28:371–380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.04.
004
11. Wang B, Li Y, Wu N et al (2008) CO 2
bio-mitigation using microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:707–718. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00253-008-1518-y
12. Ugwu CU, Aoyagi H, Uchiyama H (2008)
Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae.
Bioresour Technol 99:4021–4028. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.046
13. Zhang T-Y, Hu H-Y, Wu Y-H et al (2016)
Promising solutions to solve the bottlenecks
in the large-scale cultivation of microalgae for
biomass/bioenergy production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 60:1602–1614. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.008
14. Posten C (2009) Design principles of photobioreactors for cultivation of microalgae. Eng
Life Sci 9:165–177. https://doi.org/10.
1002/elsc.200900003
15. Carvalho AP, Meireles LA, Malcata FX (2006)
Microalgal reactors: a review of enclosed system designs and performances. Biotechnol
Prog
22:1490–1506.
https://aiche.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1021/
bp060065r
16. Spilling K, Sepp€ al€ a J, Tamminen T (2011)
Inducing autoflocculation in the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum through CO 2 regulation. J Appl Phycol 23:959–966. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9616-5
17. Higgins BT, Kendall A (2012) Life cycle environmental and cost impacts of using an algal
turf scrubber to treat dairy wastewater. J Ind
Ecol 16:436–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1530-9290.2011.00427.x
18. Craggs RJ, Adey WH, Jenson KR et al (1996)
Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an
algal turf scrubber. Water Sci Technol
33:191–198.
http://wst.iwaponline.com/
content/33/7/191
19. Vinayak V, Manoylov KM, Gateau H et al
(2015) Diatom milking: a review and new
approaches. Mar Drugs 13, 2629–2665,
7301. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/
13/5/2629
20. Milledge JJ, Heaven S (2013) A review of the
harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:165–178.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9301-z
8
Jacqueline Jerney and Kristian Spilling
1. Zhuang L-L, Wu Y-H, Espinosa VMD et al
(2016) Soluble algal products (SAPs) in large
scale cultivation of microalgae for biomass/
bioenergy production: a review. Renew Sustain
Energy Rev 59:141–148. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.rser.2015.12.352
2. Chaumont D (1993) Biotechnology of algal
biomass production: a review of systems for
outdoor mass culture. J Appl Phycol
5:593–604.
https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF02184638
3. Pruvost J, Cornet J-F, Pilon L (2016) Largescale production of algal biomass: photobioreactors. In: Bux F, Chisti Y (eds) Algae biotechnology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 41–66
4. Chisti Y (2016) Large-scale production of algal
biomass: raceway ponds. In: Bux F, Chisti Y
(eds)
Algae
biotechnology.
Springer,
New York, NY, pp 21–40
5. Becker EW (1994) Microalgae: biotechnology
and microbiology, first edit. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
6. Christenson L, Sims R (2011) Production and
harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnol
Adv 29:686–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.biotechadv.2011.05.015
7. Pulz O (2001) Photobioreactors: production
systems for phototrophic microorganisms.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:287–293.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100702
8. Chen C-Y, Yeh K-L, Aisyah R et al (2011)
Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production:
a critical review. Bioresour Technol 102:71–81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.
06.159
9. Brennan L, Owende P (2010) Biofuels from
microalgae—a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels
and co-products. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
14:557–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2009.10.009
10. Kumar A, Ergas S, Yuan X et al (2010)
Enhanced CO 2 fixation and biofuel production
via microalgae: recent developments and future
directions. Trends Biotechnol 28:371–380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.04.
004
11. Wang B, Li Y, Wu N et al (2008) CO 2
bio-mitigation using microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:707–718. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00253-008-1518-y
12. Ugwu CU, Aoyagi H, Uchiyama H (2008)
Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae.
Bioresour Technol 99:4021–4028. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.046
13. Zhang T-Y, Hu H-Y, Wu Y-H et al (2016)
Promising solutions to solve the bottlenecks
in the large-scale cultivation of microalgae for
biomass/bioenergy production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 60:1602–1614. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.008
14. Posten C (2009) Design principles of photobioreactors for cultivation of microalgae. Eng
Life Sci 9:165–177. https://doi.org/10.
1002/elsc.200900003
15. Carvalho AP, Meireles LA, Malcata FX (2006)
Microalgal reactors: a review of enclosed system designs and performances. Biotechnol
Prog
22:1490–1506.
https://aiche.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1021/
bp060065r
16. Spilling K, Sepp€ al€ a J, Tamminen T (2011)
Inducing autoflocculation in the diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum through CO 2 regulation. J Appl Phycol 23:959–966. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9616-5
17. Higgins BT, Kendall A (2012) Life cycle environmental and cost impacts of using an algal
turf scrubber to treat dairy wastewater. J Ind
Ecol 16:436–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/
j.1530-9290.2011.00427.x
18. Craggs RJ, Adey WH, Jenson KR et al (1996)
Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an
algal turf scrubber. Water Sci Technol
33:191–198.
http://wst.iwaponline.com/
content/33/7/191
19. Vinayak V, Manoylov KM, Gateau H et al
(2015) Diatom milking: a review and new
approaches. Mar Drugs 13, 2629–2665,
7301. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/
13/5/2629
20. Milledge JJ, Heaven S (2013) A review of the
harvesting of micro-algae for biofuel production. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:165–178.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9301-z
8
Jacqueline Jerney and Kristian Spilling