2. Experimental data compiled from laboratory records
concerning steps of algal biofuel production/use chains; and
3. Field data compiled from real-world industrial and/or algae
cultivation and harvesting activities or communication with
experts involved.
Notably, the models should include main capital assets required
for the cultivation and harvesting of the algae as listed below [31]:
1. Photobioreactors/bioreactors;
2. Raceways;
3. Harvesting and collecting facilities (including centrifuges); and
4. Disposable materials used in the process should also be considered in LCA (assuming that the plant will have a lifetime of
20 years).
The following should be taken into account for the algal biomass production stage:
1. Specify amounts of algae cultivated in open pond for days of
yearly operation.
2. Calculate the gross nutrients requirements of algae.
3. Calculate protein, lipid, and carbohydrates content/composition and total yield.
4. Calculate direct emissions of algae cultivation and harvesting
steps by different methods, usually by IPCC guidelines, laboratory methods, and literature review.
5. Specify the equipment used and also the power sources to
launch them and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
In the algal fuels production stage, the following items should
be considered:
1. Specify source type of heat and power and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
2. Specify the equipment used and also the power sources to
launch them and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
3. Specify the co-products produced in each production step.
4. Calculate direct emissions of algal fuels production step (especially wastewater in biodiesel production and other emissions
harmful to the ecosystem in type of algal fuel production
systems) by different methods.
132
Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha et al.
concerning steps of algal biofuel production/use chains; and
3. Field data compiled from real-world industrial and/or algae
cultivation and harvesting activities or communication with
experts involved.
Notably, the models should include main capital assets required
for the cultivation and harvesting of the algae as listed below [31]:
1. Photobioreactors/bioreactors;
2. Raceways;
3. Harvesting and collecting facilities (including centrifuges); and
4. Disposable materials used in the process should also be considered in LCA (assuming that the plant will have a lifetime of
20 years).
The following should be taken into account for the algal biomass production stage:
1. Specify amounts of algae cultivated in open pond for days of
yearly operation.
2. Calculate the gross nutrients requirements of algae.
3. Calculate protein, lipid, and carbohydrates content/composition and total yield.
4. Calculate direct emissions of algae cultivation and harvesting
steps by different methods, usually by IPCC guidelines, laboratory methods, and literature review.
5. Specify the equipment used and also the power sources to
launch them and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
In the algal fuels production stage, the following items should
be considered:
1. Specify source type of heat and power and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
2. Specify the equipment used and also the power sources to
launch them and calculate their emissions by different methods, usually by database.
3. Specify the co-products produced in each production step.
4. Calculate direct emissions of algal fuels production step (especially wastewater in biodiesel production and other emissions
harmful to the ecosystem in type of algal fuel production
systems) by different methods.
132
Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha et al.