3 Rating and Evaluation of Pollution Source Intensity
for Typical Groundwater Contamination Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.1 Indicators of Pollution Source Intensity Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.1.1 Characteristic Factors of MSWLFs Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.1.2 Characteristic Factors of HWLFs Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.1.3 Characteristic Factors of OCS Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1.4 Characteristic Factors for Mitigation Performance
of Vadose Zone in Contaminated Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.1.5 Indicator Library for Groundwater Pollution Source
Intensity Rating and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2 Method of Groundwater Pollution Source Intensity Rating
and Evaluation for Typical Groundwater Pollution Studies . . . . . . 41
3.2.1 Indicator System for Rating and Evaluation of
Groundwater Pollution Source Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.2 Method for Hazard Rating and Evaluation of Pollution
Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.3 Method for Rating and Evaluation of Mitigation
Performance of Vadose Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.4 Rating and Evaluation of Groundwater Pollution
Source Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.3 Strategies for Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control . . . . 62
3.3.1 Potential Sources of Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3.2 Existing Sources of Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.4 Brief Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4 Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Sites . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.1 Health Risk Assessment of Typical Groundwater Contamination
Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.1.1 Process of Health Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.1.2 Prevailing Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.2 Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment of Typical Groundwater
Contamination Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.2.1 Assessment of Intrinsic Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.2.2 Assessment of Specific Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2.3 Identification of External Pollutant Types and Hazard
Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2.4 Groundwater Value/Function Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2.5 Methods for Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment . . . . 86
4.3 Brief Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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