③ Exposure assessment
I. Land use type
Sensitive land use is assumed for the groundwater subject to this health risks
assessment, considering the way the groundwater is used by the people at and
around the site.
II. Source-pathway-receptor analysis
A. Source of pollution
The sources of pollution are the polluted groundwater in hazardous wastes disposal
sites, based on the human health risks produced by the groundwater in polluted site
under assessment.
B. Migration pathways of pollutants
The pollutants in the wastewater of the hazardous wastes disposal site mainly come
from the percolate, flushing water, laboratory wastewater and domestic sewage.
They permeate through the soil into the groundwater and contaminate it. After the
groundwater is polluted, the pollutants will be further migrated and transformed
with the flow of groundwater, and be diffused as well.
C. Receptor
The pollutants in the groundwater will subject the workers in the landfill and the
residents in surrounding areas to exposure risks during operation of the landfill.
Therefore the workers and the residents will be identified as the sensitive receptors
based on the operation of the landfill and the residential population measures of
surrounding areas.
III. Analysis of exposure pathways
The receptors in the polluted environment may use the groundwater as drinking
water, and inhale the indoor and outdoor groundwater vapors in terms of exposure.
According to on-site visits and surveys, the groundwater is not used as a source for
drinking water and groundwater sources protection areas are not reserved, since the
city residents mainly drink water from the Yangtze River. The field visits and
surveys also show that emerging springs do not occur around the test points.
Therefore there is not any groundwater environmental sensitive point around the
hazardous wastes disposal site. Most of the pollutants of concern in the site are not
volatile, so the receptors will not be exposed by inhaling the indoor and outdoor
groundwater vapors.
The pollutants in the groundwater of the hazardous wastes landfill will not cause
hazard to human health by any means of exposure, based on the characteristics of
pollutants and the analysis on the use of groundwater in the site.
5.6 East China
387
I. Land use type
Sensitive land use is assumed for the groundwater subject to this health risks
assessment, considering the way the groundwater is used by the people at and
around the site.
II. Source-pathway-receptor analysis
A. Source of pollution
The sources of pollution are the polluted groundwater in hazardous wastes disposal
sites, based on the human health risks produced by the groundwater in polluted site
under assessment.
B. Migration pathways of pollutants
The pollutants in the wastewater of the hazardous wastes disposal site mainly come
from the percolate, flushing water, laboratory wastewater and domestic sewage.
They permeate through the soil into the groundwater and contaminate it. After the
groundwater is polluted, the pollutants will be further migrated and transformed
with the flow of groundwater, and be diffused as well.
C. Receptor
The pollutants in the groundwater will subject the workers in the landfill and the
residents in surrounding areas to exposure risks during operation of the landfill.
Therefore the workers and the residents will be identified as the sensitive receptors
based on the operation of the landfill and the residential population measures of
surrounding areas.
III. Analysis of exposure pathways
The receptors in the polluted environment may use the groundwater as drinking
water, and inhale the indoor and outdoor groundwater vapors in terms of exposure.
According to on-site visits and surveys, the groundwater is not used as a source for
drinking water and groundwater sources protection areas are not reserved, since the
city residents mainly drink water from the Yangtze River. The field visits and
surveys also show that emerging springs do not occur around the test points.
Therefore there is not any groundwater environmental sensitive point around the
hazardous wastes disposal site. Most of the pollutants of concern in the site are not
volatile, so the receptors will not be exposed by inhaling the indoor and outdoor
groundwater vapors.
The pollutants in the groundwater of the hazardous wastes landfill will not cause
hazard to human health by any means of exposure, based on the characteristics of
pollutants and the analysis on the use of groundwater in the site.
5.6 East China
387