Chapter 2
Environmental Background
Investigation of Groundwater
Contamination Sites
Abstract It is necessary to identify target sites before carrying out the environmental background investigation of contaminated sites. Which it comes to specific
groundwater contamination site, the environmental background investigation covers the hydrogeological environment of the site and its surrounding areas and the
characterization of groundwater contaminants in the site, laying the foundation for
comprehensive investigation and assessment. This chapter expounds the process
and content of investigation into three kinds of typical groundwater contamination
sites: MSWLFs, HWLFs and OCS.
Keywords Municipal solid waste landfill Á Hazardous waste landfill Á
Oil-contaminated site Á Groundwater Á Pollution source Á Pollution investigation
2.1 Process of Investigation
2.1.1 Scope
(1) MSWLFs
Landfills can be divided into two categories: standard landfills and non-standard
landfills. Standard landfills refer to landfills that are constructed and operated in
accordance with relevant state standards and regulations to achieve environmentally
sound treatment by applying sanitary landfill technologies. Standard MSWLFs are
all included in the scope of investigation. Non-standard MSWLFs are screened
according to the following four principles: (a) located in the vicinity of drinking
water sources or in groundwater recharge and runoff areas; (b) located in areas with
high groundwater vulnerability; (c) operated for more than five years; and
(d) having a landfill capacity of more than 400 * 10
3 m
3 .
(2) HWLFs
Hazardous waste landfills are all included as key investigation objects.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
B. Xi et al., Investigation and Assessment Technology for Typical
Groundwater-contaminated Sites and Application Cases,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2845-3_2
11
Environmental Background
Investigation of Groundwater
Contamination Sites
Abstract It is necessary to identify target sites before carrying out the environmental background investigation of contaminated sites. Which it comes to specific
groundwater contamination site, the environmental background investigation covers the hydrogeological environment of the site and its surrounding areas and the
characterization of groundwater contaminants in the site, laying the foundation for
comprehensive investigation and assessment. This chapter expounds the process
and content of investigation into three kinds of typical groundwater contamination
sites: MSWLFs, HWLFs and OCS.
Keywords Municipal solid waste landfill Á Hazardous waste landfill Á
Oil-contaminated site Á Groundwater Á Pollution source Á Pollution investigation
2.1 Process of Investigation
2.1.1 Scope
(1) MSWLFs
Landfills can be divided into two categories: standard landfills and non-standard
landfills. Standard landfills refer to landfills that are constructed and operated in
accordance with relevant state standards and regulations to achieve environmentally
sound treatment by applying sanitary landfill technologies. Standard MSWLFs are
all included in the scope of investigation. Non-standard MSWLFs are screened
according to the following four principles: (a) located in the vicinity of drinking
water sources or in groundwater recharge and runoff areas; (b) located in areas with
high groundwater vulnerability; (c) operated for more than five years; and
(d) having a landfill capacity of more than 400 * 10
3 m
3 .
(2) HWLFs
Hazardous waste landfills are all included as key investigation objects.
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
B. Xi et al., Investigation and Assessment Technology for Typical
Groundwater-contaminated Sites and Application Cases,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2845-3_2
11