conditions and poor permeability. The groundwater pollution plume does not cover
drinking water sources. Using the pollutant identification method under the
Guidelines for Health Risk Assessment for Contaminated Groundwater (Trial),
combined with the results shown in Tables 5.41 and 5.43, ammonia nitrogen and
fluoride are identified as focus pollutants in the landfill in Qinghai Province
(b) Toxicity assessment
Based on the results of hazard identification, the toxicity of focus pollutants is
assessed for the landfill in Qinghai Province.
• Carcinogenicity identification
The carcinogenicity of focus pollutants is identified according to the findings of
IARC and IRIS. The IARC system for carcinogenicity classification is preferred,
followed by the US EPA system. As shown in Table 5.47, two focus pollutants are
identified to be carcinogenic.
• Toxicity values
The toxicity values of focus pollutants are as shown in Table 5.48.
(c) Exposure assessment
• Types of land use
In this health risk assessment, the site is categorized into non-sensitive land, considering its hydrogeological conditions and groundwater utilization of the surrounding area. The groundwater in the site is not used for drinking.
• Source-pathway-receptor analysis
– Pollution sources
Since this study aims to assess the human health risks of groundwater in contaminated sites, the pollution sources are deemed to be contaminated groundwater in
the landfill in Qinghai Province.
Table 5.47 Carcinogenicity
identification of focus
pollutants for the landfill in
Qinghai Province
Focus pollutants
Carcinogenicity
Ammonia nitrogen
No
Fluoride
No
184
5 Application Cases
drinking water sources. Using the pollutant identification method under the
Guidelines for Health Risk Assessment for Contaminated Groundwater (Trial),
combined with the results shown in Tables 5.41 and 5.43, ammonia nitrogen and
fluoride are identified as focus pollutants in the landfill in Qinghai Province
(b) Toxicity assessment
Based on the results of hazard identification, the toxicity of focus pollutants is
assessed for the landfill in Qinghai Province.
• Carcinogenicity identification
The carcinogenicity of focus pollutants is identified according to the findings of
IARC and IRIS. The IARC system for carcinogenicity classification is preferred,
followed by the US EPA system. As shown in Table 5.47, two focus pollutants are
identified to be carcinogenic.
• Toxicity values
The toxicity values of focus pollutants are as shown in Table 5.48.
(c) Exposure assessment
• Types of land use
In this health risk assessment, the site is categorized into non-sensitive land, considering its hydrogeological conditions and groundwater utilization of the surrounding area. The groundwater in the site is not used for drinking.
• Source-pathway-receptor analysis
– Pollution sources
Since this study aims to assess the human health risks of groundwater in contaminated sites, the pollution sources are deemed to be contaminated groundwater in
the landfill in Qinghai Province.
Table 5.47 Carcinogenicity
identification of focus
pollutants for the landfill in
Qinghai Province
Focus pollutants
Carcinogenicity
Ammonia nitrogen
No
Fluoride
No
184
5 Application Cases