are classified into Grade III (relatively good). The Grade III indicators are total
salinity for monitoring wells #2 and #3, total salinity and sulfates for monitoring
well #6, ammonia nitrogen and gross alpha radioactivity for monitoring well #9,
and lead and nitrites for monitoring well #10. The remaining four sample groups are
classified into Grade II (good), wherein samples collected at monitoring wells #4
and #7 meet Grade II standards for total salinity, sulfates and chlorides; samples
collected at monitoring wells #5 meet Grade II standards for total salinity, total
hardness, sulfates and chlorides; samples collected at monitoring wells #8 meet
Grade II standards for total salinity and chlorides. In short, the majority of the
samples in the study area reach Grades II and III standards and only some, Grade IV
standards. It indicates the overall good groundwater quality in the study area, so the
groundwater is suitable for various uses.
(d) Groundwater pollution evaluation
Pollution index P ki is introduced for the evaluation of groundwater pollution.
P ki ¼
C ki À C 0
C III
Wherein P ki represents the pollution index of sample k in terms of indicator
i (dimensionless); C ki and C 0 denote the observed value and background value of
factor i in sample k respectively (mg/L); C III is the standard value for factor i of
sample k (expressed by mg/L, the value is the Grade III limit specified in the
Quality Standards for Groundwater (GB/T14848–2017) and where the limit is not
available, reference can drawn from the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water
(GB5749–2006) or domestic and foreign literature.)
The criteria for pollution level determination:
• P
0: Level I is identified, indicating no pollution;
• 0 < P
0.2: Level II is identified, indicating slight pollution;
• 0.2 < P
0.6: Level III is identified, indicating moderate pollution;
• 0.6 < P
1.0: Level IV is identified, indicating high pollution;
• 1.0 < P
1.5 Level V is identified, indicating heavy pollution;
• P ! 1.5: Level VI is identified, indicating extremely heavy pollution.
Table 5.45 shows the evaluation results based on the detection of pollutants. The
results show that there is slight pollution at water source well, while moderate
pollution associated with fluorides and sulfates is observed at monitoring wells #1
and #2 and high pollution at monitoring well #3.
It is therefore concluded the landfill affects groundwater quality to a certain
extent (Table 5.46).
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5 Application Cases
salinity for monitoring wells #2 and #3, total salinity and sulfates for monitoring
well #6, ammonia nitrogen and gross alpha radioactivity for monitoring well #9,
and lead and nitrites for monitoring well #10. The remaining four sample groups are
classified into Grade II (good), wherein samples collected at monitoring wells #4
and #7 meet Grade II standards for total salinity, sulfates and chlorides; samples
collected at monitoring wells #5 meet Grade II standards for total salinity, total
hardness, sulfates and chlorides; samples collected at monitoring wells #8 meet
Grade II standards for total salinity and chlorides. In short, the majority of the
samples in the study area reach Grades II and III standards and only some, Grade IV
standards. It indicates the overall good groundwater quality in the study area, so the
groundwater is suitable for various uses.
(d) Groundwater pollution evaluation
Pollution index P ki is introduced for the evaluation of groundwater pollution.
P ki ¼
C ki À C 0
C III
Wherein P ki represents the pollution index of sample k in terms of indicator
i (dimensionless); C ki and C 0 denote the observed value and background value of
factor i in sample k respectively (mg/L); C III is the standard value for factor i of
sample k (expressed by mg/L, the value is the Grade III limit specified in the
Quality Standards for Groundwater (GB/T14848–2017) and where the limit is not
available, reference can drawn from the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water
(GB5749–2006) or domestic and foreign literature.)
The criteria for pollution level determination:
• P
0: Level I is identified, indicating no pollution;
• 0 < P
0.2: Level II is identified, indicating slight pollution;
• 0.2 < P
0.6: Level III is identified, indicating moderate pollution;
• 0.6 < P
1.0: Level IV is identified, indicating high pollution;
• 1.0 < P
1.5 Level V is identified, indicating heavy pollution;
• P ! 1.5: Level VI is identified, indicating extremely heavy pollution.
Table 5.45 shows the evaluation results based on the detection of pollutants. The
results show that there is slight pollution at water source well, while moderate
pollution associated with fluorides and sulfates is observed at monitoring wells #1
and #2 and high pollution at monitoring well #3.
It is therefore concluded the landfill affects groundwater quality to a certain
extent (Table 5.46).
180
5 Application Cases