different degrees, and the overall groundwater quality deteriorates year by year.
According to rough statistics, there are 12,600 groundwater contamination sites in
the region, including petrochemical sites, municipal solid waste landfills
(MSWLFs), seepage pits, and hazardous waste landfills (HWLFs), which seriously
undermines the safety of groundwater environment (National Bureau of Statistics
2010). Groundwater contamination, characterized by latency, hysteresis and persistence, poses a huge threat to the surrounding ecological environment and human
health (Luo 2018; Lv 2009; Liu et al. 2015).
The research on groundwater pollution, compared with surface water pollution,
started late in China. Given a string of groundwater contamination incidents, the
relevant state departments have gradually attached importance to addressing
groundwater pollution and taken the research on groundwater pollution as one of
the priorities in recent years. In 2011, China published the National Groundwater
Pollution Prevention and Control Plan (2011–2020) (hereinafter referred to as the
Groundwater Plan), which analyzed the current situation and existing problems of
groundwater pollution in China and set down the objectives and main tasks of
groundwater pollution prevention and control in the next stage. Issued in 2013, the
Work Plan for Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control in North China
Plain defined the overall objective of future groundwater environmental protection
in the North China Plain. In line with the tasks specified in the Groundwater Plan,
China launched the National Survey and Evaluation of Groundwater Environmental
Status in 2011, which classified typical groundwater contamination sites into seven
categories: MSWLFs, HWLFs, oil-contaminated sites (OCS), industrial parks,
mining areas, agricultural land using reclaimed water, and golf courses. This book
reviews the methods of investigating and assessing three most typical and representative groundwater contamination sites, i.e. MSWLFs, HWLFs and OCS.
1.2 Research Progress at Home and Abroad
In the process of accelerated urbanization and adjustment of urban economic
structure and functions, a large number of difficult-to-treat pollutants with complex
and rich components are left behind after the relocation or shutdown of many
MSWLFs, HWLFs and oil refining sites. These pollutants migrate to deeper soil
layers by ways of gravity or atmospheric precipitation and eventually contaminate
the groundwater (Wang and Qian 2000). Due to weak self-purification capacity,
groundwater as an important part of water resources can hardly be restored once
contaminated. At present, the investigation and assessment of groundwater environment has become a worldwide concern.
2
1 Introduction
According to rough statistics, there are 12,600 groundwater contamination sites in
the region, including petrochemical sites, municipal solid waste landfills
(MSWLFs), seepage pits, and hazardous waste landfills (HWLFs), which seriously
undermines the safety of groundwater environment (National Bureau of Statistics
2010). Groundwater contamination, characterized by latency, hysteresis and persistence, poses a huge threat to the surrounding ecological environment and human
health (Luo 2018; Lv 2009; Liu et al. 2015).
The research on groundwater pollution, compared with surface water pollution,
started late in China. Given a string of groundwater contamination incidents, the
relevant state departments have gradually attached importance to addressing
groundwater pollution and taken the research on groundwater pollution as one of
the priorities in recent years. In 2011, China published the National Groundwater
Pollution Prevention and Control Plan (2011–2020) (hereinafter referred to as the
Groundwater Plan), which analyzed the current situation and existing problems of
groundwater pollution in China and set down the objectives and main tasks of
groundwater pollution prevention and control in the next stage. Issued in 2013, the
Work Plan for Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control in North China
Plain defined the overall objective of future groundwater environmental protection
in the North China Plain. In line with the tasks specified in the Groundwater Plan,
China launched the National Survey and Evaluation of Groundwater Environmental
Status in 2011, which classified typical groundwater contamination sites into seven
categories: MSWLFs, HWLFs, oil-contaminated sites (OCS), industrial parks,
mining areas, agricultural land using reclaimed water, and golf courses. This book
reviews the methods of investigating and assessing three most typical and representative groundwater contamination sites, i.e. MSWLFs, HWLFs and OCS.
1.2 Research Progress at Home and Abroad
In the process of accelerated urbanization and adjustment of urban economic
structure and functions, a large number of difficult-to-treat pollutants with complex
and rich components are left behind after the relocation or shutdown of many
MSWLFs, HWLFs and oil refining sites. These pollutants migrate to deeper soil
layers by ways of gravity or atmospheric precipitation and eventually contaminate
the groundwater (Wang and Qian 2000). Due to weak self-purification capacity,
groundwater as an important part of water resources can hardly be restored once
contaminated. At present, the investigation and assessment of groundwater environment has become a worldwide concern.
2
1 Introduction