36 Additive Manufacturing for Circular Manufacturing: Trends …
531
the automation of the restoration processes, developing partial re-coating processes,
and material design for restoration.
On the other hand, metal 3D printing has been intensively researched in the last
decade, with it being used initially in prototype manufacturing. The technique has
great usage potential in remanufacturing in the future. Nevertheless, realizing such
potential would necessitate an increase in the quality (strength) of the restored region
by 3D printing and again, minimal cost. The challenges for this objective include
the development of quick material composition analysis technique, CAM to create
optimal machining path, increase of material and structural property understanding,
development of post machining, post inspection, and in-situ monitoring techniques.
Furthermore, material surface restoration and geometry restoration processes are
critical in enhancing the resource-efficiency-increasing-effects of circular manufacturing. In order for advanced AM to have a significant impact on the industry and
reduction of the environmental impacts of manufacturing, R&D of process technologies outlined in this study should be realized. In addition, a product design
for remanufacturing should be adopted, and a production system for smart remanufacturing, a supply chain for AM-based remanufacturing, and a business model for
remanufacturing must be established. Future work includes identification of countryspecific priorities of R&D in AM-supported circular manufacturing. The priority of
R&D differs in different industries and product areas, and thus, the priority differs
in different economies. An appropriate application of AM techniques is one of the
keys in realizing circular manufacturing.
Acknowledgements This study is partially supported by INMAN project which is funded by
Norwegian INTPART program.
References
Ahn DG (2016) Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications
for green technology: a review. Int J Pr Eng Man-GT 3(4):381–395
European Remanufacturing Network (ERN) (2015) Remanufacturing market study. European
Commission
Ford S, Despeisse M (2016) Additive manufacturing and sustainability: an exploratory study of the
advantages and challenges. J Clean Prod 137:1573–1587
GIS RIT (2017) Technology roadmap for remanufacturing in the circular economy
Kellens K, Baumers M, Gutowski TG, Flanagan W, Lifset R, Duflou JR (2017) Environmental
dimensions of additive manufacturing. J Ind Ecol 21(S1):S49–S68
Martinsen K, Gellein LT, Boivie KM (2017) Sensors embedded in surface coatings in injection
moulding dies. Procedia CIRP 62:386–390
Matsumoto M, Yang SS, Martinsen K, Kainuma Y (2016) Trends and research challenges in
remanufacturing. Int J Precision Eng Manuf—Green Technol 3(1):129–142
Mudge RP, Wald N (2007) Laser engineered net shaping advances additive manufacturing and
repair. Welding J 86(1):58–63
531
the automation of the restoration processes, developing partial re-coating processes,
and material design for restoration.
On the other hand, metal 3D printing has been intensively researched in the last
decade, with it being used initially in prototype manufacturing. The technique has
great usage potential in remanufacturing in the future. Nevertheless, realizing such
potential would necessitate an increase in the quality (strength) of the restored region
by 3D printing and again, minimal cost. The challenges for this objective include
the development of quick material composition analysis technique, CAM to create
optimal machining path, increase of material and structural property understanding,
development of post machining, post inspection, and in-situ monitoring techniques.
Furthermore, material surface restoration and geometry restoration processes are
critical in enhancing the resource-efficiency-increasing-effects of circular manufacturing. In order for advanced AM to have a significant impact on the industry and
reduction of the environmental impacts of manufacturing, R&D of process technologies outlined in this study should be realized. In addition, a product design
for remanufacturing should be adopted, and a production system for smart remanufacturing, a supply chain for AM-based remanufacturing, and a business model for
remanufacturing must be established. Future work includes identification of countryspecific priorities of R&D in AM-supported circular manufacturing. The priority of
R&D differs in different industries and product areas, and thus, the priority differs
in different economies. An appropriate application of AM techniques is one of the
keys in realizing circular manufacturing.
Acknowledgements This study is partially supported by INMAN project which is funded by
Norwegian INTPART program.
References
Ahn DG (2016) Direct metal additive manufacturing processes and their sustainable applications
for green technology: a review. Int J Pr Eng Man-GT 3(4):381–395
European Remanufacturing Network (ERN) (2015) Remanufacturing market study. European
Commission
Ford S, Despeisse M (2016) Additive manufacturing and sustainability: an exploratory study of the
advantages and challenges. J Clean Prod 137:1573–1587
GIS RIT (2017) Technology roadmap for remanufacturing in the circular economy
Kellens K, Baumers M, Gutowski TG, Flanagan W, Lifset R, Duflou JR (2017) Environmental
dimensions of additive manufacturing. J Ind Ecol 21(S1):S49–S68
Martinsen K, Gellein LT, Boivie KM (2017) Sensors embedded in surface coatings in injection
moulding dies. Procedia CIRP 62:386–390
Matsumoto M, Yang SS, Martinsen K, Kainuma Y (2016) Trends and research challenges in
remanufacturing. Int J Precision Eng Manuf—Green Technol 3(1):129–142
Mudge RP, Wald N (2007) Laser engineered net shaping advances additive manufacturing and
repair. Welding J 86(1):58–63