490
S. Kondoh et al.
allows the car to share internet access with other devices to enable safe and optimal
navigation, and manufacturing equipment that allows information sharing with other
devices for optimizing its operation and maintenance are typical examples of such
artifacts.
For the success of cyber physical artifacts, an adequate description of use case
scenarios as well as usage patterns and functions of systems to be developed is
essential. In this context, a number of architecture as well as modelling methods
[e.g. (Borgia 2014; Törngren and Grogan 2018; VDI/VDE 2015; Industrial Internet
Consortium 2017; Lee et al. 2015; Benjamin et al. 2017; Tomiyama and Moyen 2018;
Riel et al. 2018; Lanza et al. 2015; Tao et al. 2018; Braune 2018; International data
spaces association (2019); Ghosh et al. 2019)] have been proposed and utilized in
many case studies. Typical examples include Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) (VDI/VDE 2015) and Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
(IIRA) (Industrial Internet Consortium 2017). Application areas of CPS are, for
example, assembly planning [e.g. (Lanza et al. 2015)] and diagnostics of production
equipment [e.g. (Tao et al. 2018)].
Although many researches have been conducted to improve effectiveness and efficiency of production stages by using CPS, less attention is paid to those in products’
recovery processes (e.g. reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling). To demonstrate the potential of CPS adoption in product recovery processes, the paper attempts
to design and propose CPS utilization scenario in product recovery processes (i.e.
customized disassembly) that can improve through life performance of artifacts.
Section 34.2 briefly explains IIRA that are used to model and design a CPS
utilization scenario. Section 34.3 describes the customized disassembly scenario
mainly focusing on business and usage views of the scenario. Section 34.4 discusses
the result of design. Section 34.5 summarizes the paper and provides future outlook
for the research.
34.2 Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
We utilize IIRA to model and design CPS application scenario in product recovery
processes. According to Industrial Internet Consortium (Industrial Internet Consortium 2017), we briefly introduce basic concept of IIRA in this section. IIRA is a
standards-based open architecture for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which
is proposed by Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). It specifies IIoT system architecture comprising viewpoints and concerns. A viewpoint is used for framing the
description and analysis of specific system concerns. Concerns refer to any topic
of interest pertaining to the system to be developed. IIRA provides four viewpoints
as an architectural template to define and clarify unique requirements for the IIoT
system to be developed.
S. Kondoh et al.
allows the car to share internet access with other devices to enable safe and optimal
navigation, and manufacturing equipment that allows information sharing with other
devices for optimizing its operation and maintenance are typical examples of such
artifacts.
For the success of cyber physical artifacts, an adequate description of use case
scenarios as well as usage patterns and functions of systems to be developed is
essential. In this context, a number of architecture as well as modelling methods
[e.g. (Borgia 2014; Törngren and Grogan 2018; VDI/VDE 2015; Industrial Internet
Consortium 2017; Lee et al. 2015; Benjamin et al. 2017; Tomiyama and Moyen 2018;
Riel et al. 2018; Lanza et al. 2015; Tao et al. 2018; Braune 2018; International data
spaces association (2019); Ghosh et al. 2019)] have been proposed and utilized in
many case studies. Typical examples include Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) (VDI/VDE 2015) and Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
(IIRA) (Industrial Internet Consortium 2017). Application areas of CPS are, for
example, assembly planning [e.g. (Lanza et al. 2015)] and diagnostics of production
equipment [e.g. (Tao et al. 2018)].
Although many researches have been conducted to improve effectiveness and efficiency of production stages by using CPS, less attention is paid to those in products’
recovery processes (e.g. reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling). To demonstrate the potential of CPS adoption in product recovery processes, the paper attempts
to design and propose CPS utilization scenario in product recovery processes (i.e.
customized disassembly) that can improve through life performance of artifacts.
Section 34.2 briefly explains IIRA that are used to model and design a CPS
utilization scenario. Section 34.3 describes the customized disassembly scenario
mainly focusing on business and usage views of the scenario. Section 34.4 discusses
the result of design. Section 34.5 summarizes the paper and provides future outlook
for the research.
34.2 Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
We utilize IIRA to model and design CPS application scenario in product recovery
processes. According to Industrial Internet Consortium (Industrial Internet Consortium 2017), we briefly introduce basic concept of IIRA in this section. IIRA is a
standards-based open architecture for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which
is proposed by Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). It specifies IIoT system architecture comprising viewpoints and concerns. A viewpoint is used for framing the
description and analysis of specific system concerns. Concerns refer to any topic
of interest pertaining to the system to be developed. IIRA provides four viewpoints
as an architectural template to define and clarify unique requirements for the IIoT
system to be developed.