19 Life Cycle Simulation System as a Tool for Improving …
269
et al. discussed the flow management method for global reuse. They introduced a
management algorithm that efficiently realized a circulation and controlled the directions and quantities of the material flow of multitiered circulation especially focusing
on global reuse (Murata et al. 2018). In the next subsection, we define the evaluation
items that are indispensable for conducting an evaluation of life cycle scenarios in
circular manufacturing.
19.3.2 Evaluation Items Required to Design the Effective
Circular Manufacturing Scenarios
There are various aspects that needs to be considered in designing the effective
circular manufacturing scenarios. We have organized them in the following three
perspectives.
1. Evaluation of indices related to the whole life cycles of all items processed during
the simulation period
First, we need to evaluate the overall values from both environmental and
economic aspects. Overall means to evaluate all items and processes which are
addressed in the simulation. The total cost, resource consumption, and environmental load are the key indicators for overall evaluation. From the economic
aspect, the cost of the provider and the value provision to users must be considered. To evaluate different usage mode simultaneously, we use average value
provision of each item as a tool to evaluate overall perspective. To evaluate
average value provision, we use willingness to pay (WTP) for each usage mode.
WTP is the maximum price at or below which a user will pay for an item or one
unit of usage (Status Survey on Energy Consumption 2015). We can estimate the
value provision of items provided to users in life cycle by calculating the sum of
the WTP for each usage per item.
2. Evaluation of indices related to item and customer
To consider improvement in the overall values, several indicators can be taken
into consideration for evaluating measure indicators. For example, life utilization
rate, customer satisfaction, and provided value per item.
3. Process and item flow
To evaluate efficiency of circulation of items, we can use the following. For
example, the number of items processed in each process, the number of items in
the buffer.
To conduct evaluation of above items, The LCS systems developed so far is unable
to evaluate all items explained above; therefore, a new LCS system is required. In
the next section, we describe the required functions and features of developed LCS
system.
269
et al. discussed the flow management method for global reuse. They introduced a
management algorithm that efficiently realized a circulation and controlled the directions and quantities of the material flow of multitiered circulation especially focusing
on global reuse (Murata et al. 2018). In the next subsection, we define the evaluation
items that are indispensable for conducting an evaluation of life cycle scenarios in
circular manufacturing.
19.3.2 Evaluation Items Required to Design the Effective
Circular Manufacturing Scenarios
There are various aspects that needs to be considered in designing the effective
circular manufacturing scenarios. We have organized them in the following three
perspectives.
1. Evaluation of indices related to the whole life cycles of all items processed during
the simulation period
First, we need to evaluate the overall values from both environmental and
economic aspects. Overall means to evaluate all items and processes which are
addressed in the simulation. The total cost, resource consumption, and environmental load are the key indicators for overall evaluation. From the economic
aspect, the cost of the provider and the value provision to users must be considered. To evaluate different usage mode simultaneously, we use average value
provision of each item as a tool to evaluate overall perspective. To evaluate
average value provision, we use willingness to pay (WTP) for each usage mode.
WTP is the maximum price at or below which a user will pay for an item or one
unit of usage (Status Survey on Energy Consumption 2015). We can estimate the
value provision of items provided to users in life cycle by calculating the sum of
the WTP for each usage per item.
2. Evaluation of indices related to item and customer
To consider improvement in the overall values, several indicators can be taken
into consideration for evaluating measure indicators. For example, life utilization
rate, customer satisfaction, and provided value per item.
3. Process and item flow
To evaluate efficiency of circulation of items, we can use the following. For
example, the number of items processed in each process, the number of items in
the buffer.
To conduct evaluation of above items, The LCS systems developed so far is unable
to evaluate all items explained above; therefore, a new LCS system is required. In
the next section, we describe the required functions and features of developed LCS
system.