73
Tomé LC, Silva NH, Soares HR, Coroadinha AS, Sadocco P, Marrucho IM, Freire CS (2015)
Bioactive transparent films based on polysaccharides and cholinium carboxylate ionic liquids.
Green Chem 17(8):4291–4299
Udani JK, Singh BB, Barrett ML, Singh VJ (2009) Immunomodulatory effects of a proprietary
arabinogalactan extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study.
In: Abstract of the 50th annual American College of Nutrition meeting, resort Lake Buena
Vista, Florida, 1–4 October 2009
Uebelhack R, Busch R, Alt F, Beah ZM, Chong PW (2014) Effects of cactus fiber on the excretion
of dietary fat in healthy subjects: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover
clinical investigation. Curr Ther Res 76:39–44
Ueno M, Oda T (2014) Biological activities of alginate. Adv Food Nutr Res 72:95–112
Vester Boler BM, Fahey GC (2011) Prebiotics of plant and microbial origin. In: Direct Fed
Microbials and Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action, Callaway TR,
Ricke SC, eds. Springer, Berlin, Germany pp. 13–26
Villares A, Mateo-Vivaracho L, Guillamón E (2012) Structural features and healthy properties of
polysaccharides occurring in mushrooms. Agriculture 2:452–471
Wang Q, Ellis PR (2014) Oat β-glucan: physico-chemical characteristics in relation to its bloodglucose and cholesterol- lowering properties. Br J Nutr 112(S2):S4–S13
Wang D, Han J, Yu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Tim H, Guo S, Jin S, Luo T, Qin S (2011) Chitosan oligosaccharide decreases very low density lipoprotein tryglyceride and increases high- density lipoprotein cholesterol in high fat diet fed rats. Exp Biol Med 236:1064–1069
Wang CR, Xiao JJ, Tian Y, Bao X, Liu L, Yu Y, Wang XR, Chen TY (2012) Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of lanthanum ions on Vicia faba L. seedlings under cadmium stress, suggesting
ecological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(6):1355–1362
Wang H, Liu YM, Qi ZM, Wang SY, Liu SX, Li X, Wang HJ, Xia XC (2013) An overview on natural polysaccharides with antioxidant properties. Curr Med Chem 20(23):2899–2913
Wang Z, Dong B, Feng Z, Yu S, Bao Y (2015) A study on immunomodulatory mechanism of
Polysaccharopeptide mediated by TLR4 signaling pathway. BMC Immunol 16(1):34
Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z (2017) Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: a review on monosaccharide composition, biosynthesis and regulation. Molecules 22:955
Wang H, Tao H, Na L, Zang B, Wu X (2018) Soluble dietary fiber improves energy homeostasis in
obese mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 498:146–151
Wang K, Wang Z, Cui R, Chu H (2019a) Polysaccharopeptide from Trametes versicolor blocks
inflammatory osteoarthritis pain-morphine tolerance effects via activating cannabinoid type 2
receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 126:805–810
Wang Y, Xing M, Cao Q, Ji A, Liang H, Song S (2019b) Biological activities of fucoidan and the
factors mediating its therapeutic effects: a review of recent studies. Mar Drugs 17(3):183
Weis SM, Cheresh DA (2011) Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets.
Nat Med 17(11):1359
Wu J, Ye J, Zhu J, Xiao Z, He C, Shi H, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Fu X (2016) Heparin- based
coacervate of FGF2 improves dermal regeneration by asserting a synergistic role with cell proliferation and endogenous facilitated VEGF for cutaneous wound healing. Biomacromolecules
17(6):2168–2177
Xie JH, Shen MY, Nie SP, Zhao Q, Li C, Xie MY (2014) Separation of water-soluble polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus by ultra-filtration process. Carbohydr Polym 101:479–483
Xie J, Tang W, Jin M, Li J, Xie M (2016a) Recent advances in bioactive polysaccharides from
Lycium barbarum L., Zizyphus jujuba mill, Plantago spp., and Morus spp.: structures and functionalities. Food Hydrocoll 60:148–160
Xie JH, Jin ML, Morris GA, Zha XQ, Chen HQ, Yi Y, Li JE, Wang ZJ, Gao J, Nie SP, Shang P
(2016b) Advances on bioactive polysaccharides from medicinal plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
56(sup1):S60–S84
Xu J, Inglett GE, Chen D, Liu SX (2013) Viscoelastic properties of oat β-glucan-rich aqueous
dispersions. Food Chem 138(1):186–191
4 Bioactive Carbohydrates, Biological Activities, and Sources
Tomé LC, Silva NH, Soares HR, Coroadinha AS, Sadocco P, Marrucho IM, Freire CS (2015)
Bioactive transparent films based on polysaccharides and cholinium carboxylate ionic liquids.
Green Chem 17(8):4291–4299
Udani JK, Singh BB, Barrett ML, Singh VJ (2009) Immunomodulatory effects of a proprietary
arabinogalactan extract: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study.
In: Abstract of the 50th annual American College of Nutrition meeting, resort Lake Buena
Vista, Florida, 1–4 October 2009
Uebelhack R, Busch R, Alt F, Beah ZM, Chong PW (2014) Effects of cactus fiber on the excretion
of dietary fat in healthy subjects: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover
clinical investigation. Curr Ther Res 76:39–44
Ueno M, Oda T (2014) Biological activities of alginate. Adv Food Nutr Res 72:95–112
Vester Boler BM, Fahey GC (2011) Prebiotics of plant and microbial origin. In: Direct Fed
Microbials and Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action, Callaway TR,
Ricke SC, eds. Springer, Berlin, Germany pp. 13–26
Villares A, Mateo-Vivaracho L, Guillamón E (2012) Structural features and healthy properties of
polysaccharides occurring in mushrooms. Agriculture 2:452–471
Wang Q, Ellis PR (2014) Oat β-glucan: physico-chemical characteristics in relation to its bloodglucose and cholesterol- lowering properties. Br J Nutr 112(S2):S4–S13
Wang D, Han J, Yu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Tim H, Guo S, Jin S, Luo T, Qin S (2011) Chitosan oligosaccharide decreases very low density lipoprotein tryglyceride and increases high- density lipoprotein cholesterol in high fat diet fed rats. Exp Biol Med 236:1064–1069
Wang CR, Xiao JJ, Tian Y, Bao X, Liu L, Yu Y, Wang XR, Chen TY (2012) Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of lanthanum ions on Vicia faba L. seedlings under cadmium stress, suggesting
ecological risk. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(6):1355–1362
Wang H, Liu YM, Qi ZM, Wang SY, Liu SX, Li X, Wang HJ, Xia XC (2013) An overview on natural polysaccharides with antioxidant properties. Curr Med Chem 20(23):2899–2913
Wang Z, Dong B, Feng Z, Yu S, Bao Y (2015) A study on immunomodulatory mechanism of
Polysaccharopeptide mediated by TLR4 signaling pathway. BMC Immunol 16(1):34
Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z (2017) Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: a review on monosaccharide composition, biosynthesis and regulation. Molecules 22:955
Wang H, Tao H, Na L, Zang B, Wu X (2018) Soluble dietary fiber improves energy homeostasis in
obese mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 498:146–151
Wang K, Wang Z, Cui R, Chu H (2019a) Polysaccharopeptide from Trametes versicolor blocks
inflammatory osteoarthritis pain-morphine tolerance effects via activating cannabinoid type 2
receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 126:805–810
Wang Y, Xing M, Cao Q, Ji A, Liang H, Song S (2019b) Biological activities of fucoidan and the
factors mediating its therapeutic effects: a review of recent studies. Mar Drugs 17(3):183
Weis SM, Cheresh DA (2011) Tumor angiogenesis: molecular pathways and therapeutic targets.
Nat Med 17(11):1359
Wu J, Ye J, Zhu J, Xiao Z, He C, Shi H, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Fu X (2016) Heparin- based
coacervate of FGF2 improves dermal regeneration by asserting a synergistic role with cell proliferation and endogenous facilitated VEGF for cutaneous wound healing. Biomacromolecules
17(6):2168–2177
Xie JH, Shen MY, Nie SP, Zhao Q, Li C, Xie MY (2014) Separation of water-soluble polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus by ultra-filtration process. Carbohydr Polym 101:479–483
Xie J, Tang W, Jin M, Li J, Xie M (2016a) Recent advances in bioactive polysaccharides from
Lycium barbarum L., Zizyphus jujuba mill, Plantago spp., and Morus spp.: structures and functionalities. Food Hydrocoll 60:148–160
Xie JH, Jin ML, Morris GA, Zha XQ, Chen HQ, Yi Y, Li JE, Wang ZJ, Gao J, Nie SP, Shang P
(2016b) Advances on bioactive polysaccharides from medicinal plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
56(sup1):S60–S84
Xu J, Inglett GE, Chen D, Liu SX (2013) Viscoelastic properties of oat β-glucan-rich aqueous
dispersions. Food Chem 138(1):186–191
4 Bioactive Carbohydrates, Biological Activities, and Sources