456
Other OSCs from garlic-like DADS, DATS, ajoene, DAS, SAMC, and s-allyl
cysteine (SAC) also possess anti-bacterial properties (Heldreth and Turos 2005).
Another patented organosulfur, N-sulfonated monocyclic β-lactam also possessed
antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MRSA) (Turos et al. 2002). Eighteen OSCs
from P. alliacea L. were evaluated for their anti-bacterial properties and from those,
thiosulfinates, trisulfides, and benzyl sulfonic acid were found to be the most bioactive against broad strains of bacteria (Kim et al. 2006). Moreover, the authors also
found that fresh samples of this plant prepared by mild procedures showed significantly higher degree of anti-microbial properties compared to those prepared in
harsher methods.
21.4.4 Anti-Parasitic Properties
Freshly crushed garlic has been known in ancient times to possess anti-parasitic
properties. Moreover, Chinese are known to use alcoholic extracts of garlic cloves
to treat diseases in the intestine (Sagdic and Tornuk 2012). Although garlic is commonly used to treat various diseases, studies on anti-parasitic activity of OSCs are
limited. In one study, allicin was reported to inhibit growth of some parasites like
G. lamblia, L. major, L. colosoma, and C. fasciculate (Ankri and Mirelman 1999).
In another study, allicin showed strong inhibition of cysteine proteinases and the
cytophatic effects of E. histolytica (Ankri et al. 1997). DATS also showed antiparasitic activity against human and animal protozoan parasites (Lun et al. 1994).
Low IC 50 (0.8–5.5 μg/mL) values were found for six protozoans while higher concentrations were needed to inhibit growth of E. histolytica (14 μg/mL) and G. lamblia (59 μg/mL).
OSCs were also believed to be mainly responsible for the bioactivity against
nematode parasites. In a study, the herbal formula of garlic was found to reduce the
faecal egg counts of stronglyes and trychostrongylus species in treated sheep animals (Masamha et al. 2010). This anti-helminthic property is believed to be brought
about by allicin although other literature suggests that it is the smaller metabolic
products, DADS and DAS, which is responsible for this action. Meanwhile, in
another literature, allicin was noted to be responsible for the anti-parasitic activity
against cryptosporidiosis caused by a parasitic protozoan (Gaafar 2012). Moreover,
allicin was also noted to cause morphological changes in male Schistosoma mansoni (Lima et al. 2011). In another study, it was also noted to possess anti-parasitic
activity against P. falciparum and T. brucei brucei (Waag et al. 2010). Generally,
garlic was suggested as potential treatment against parasitic nematodes in animals
and humans (Ayaz et al. 2008).
It was also noted that other OSCs like DADS, DAS, dipropyl sulfide, methyl
propyl disulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, and dipropyl sulfide
showed activity against G. intestinalis (Harris et al. 2000). In another study, thiosulfate was found to be a major component in anti-parasitic activity of garlic against
immature leech Limnatis nilotica (Eftekhari et al. 2012; Bahmani et al. 2013).
A. M. P. Walag et al.
Other OSCs from garlic-like DADS, DATS, ajoene, DAS, SAMC, and s-allyl
cysteine (SAC) also possess anti-bacterial properties (Heldreth and Turos 2005).
Another patented organosulfur, N-sulfonated monocyclic β-lactam also possessed
antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MRSA) (Turos et al. 2002). Eighteen OSCs
from P. alliacea L. were evaluated for their anti-bacterial properties and from those,
thiosulfinates, trisulfides, and benzyl sulfonic acid were found to be the most bioactive against broad strains of bacteria (Kim et al. 2006). Moreover, the authors also
found that fresh samples of this plant prepared by mild procedures showed significantly higher degree of anti-microbial properties compared to those prepared in
harsher methods.
21.4.4 Anti-Parasitic Properties
Freshly crushed garlic has been known in ancient times to possess anti-parasitic
properties. Moreover, Chinese are known to use alcoholic extracts of garlic cloves
to treat diseases in the intestine (Sagdic and Tornuk 2012). Although garlic is commonly used to treat various diseases, studies on anti-parasitic activity of OSCs are
limited. In one study, allicin was reported to inhibit growth of some parasites like
G. lamblia, L. major, L. colosoma, and C. fasciculate (Ankri and Mirelman 1999).
In another study, allicin showed strong inhibition of cysteine proteinases and the
cytophatic effects of E. histolytica (Ankri et al. 1997). DATS also showed antiparasitic activity against human and animal protozoan parasites (Lun et al. 1994).
Low IC 50 (0.8–5.5 μg/mL) values were found for six protozoans while higher concentrations were needed to inhibit growth of E. histolytica (14 μg/mL) and G. lamblia (59 μg/mL).
OSCs were also believed to be mainly responsible for the bioactivity against
nematode parasites. In a study, the herbal formula of garlic was found to reduce the
faecal egg counts of stronglyes and trychostrongylus species in treated sheep animals (Masamha et al. 2010). This anti-helminthic property is believed to be brought
about by allicin although other literature suggests that it is the smaller metabolic
products, DADS and DAS, which is responsible for this action. Meanwhile, in
another literature, allicin was noted to be responsible for the anti-parasitic activity
against cryptosporidiosis caused by a parasitic protozoan (Gaafar 2012). Moreover,
allicin was also noted to cause morphological changes in male Schistosoma mansoni (Lima et al. 2011). In another study, it was also noted to possess anti-parasitic
activity against P. falciparum and T. brucei brucei (Waag et al. 2010). Generally,
garlic was suggested as potential treatment against parasitic nematodes in animals
and humans (Ayaz et al. 2008).
It was also noted that other OSCs like DADS, DAS, dipropyl sulfide, methyl
propyl disulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, and dipropyl sulfide
showed activity against G. intestinalis (Harris et al. 2000). In another study, thiosulfate was found to be a major component in anti-parasitic activity of garlic against
immature leech Limnatis nilotica (Eftekhari et al. 2012; Bahmani et al. 2013).
A. M. P. Walag et al.