454
exhibited anticancer activities (Lai et al. 2012). Moreover, DATS was also found to
induce apoptosis in human leukaemia cells by generation of ROS (Choi and Park
2012). Other OSCs derived from garlic and their mechanism against cancer is well
reviewed by Omar and Al-Wabel (2010).
Ajoene, a garlic-derived organosulfur produced from allicin under specific conditions, also possess inhibiting activity against neoplastic growth (Apitz-Castro
et al. 1992; Ariga and Seki 2006). This compound was found to exhibit antiproliferative effects against human tumour cell lines, blocking activity in early
stages of mitosis of marsupial kidney cells, and tumour inhibition against sarcoma
and hepatocarcinoma (Li 2002).
Sulforaphane (SFN) and other analogues like indole-3-carbinol (I3C) from
Brassica genus were also found to possess anticancer activity (Tin et al. 2014; GaliMuhtasib et al. 2015). SFN was found to exhibit anticancer activity against prostate
cancer cells in humans by apoptosis via induction of the autophagy defense mechanism (Herman-Antosiewicz et al. 2006). Anticancer activity of SFN was also found
against four cell lines of breast cancer by inhibiting its viability (Pawlik et al. 2013).
In another study, SFN was found to stabilize microtubules in breast cancer cell lines
thus suppress proliferation and mitosis (Azarenko et al. 2008). Meanwhile, SFN
was found to amplify the oxaliplatin-induced cell growth inhibitions in colorectal
cancer cells by inducing them in different apoptotic events (Kaminski et al. 2011).
SFN stimulates apoptosis of tumour cells thus serves as a lead candidate for the
development of multi-target strategy for the treatment of various diseases
(Goncharov et al. 2016).
21.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Anti-inflammatory properties were also found in OSCs. Allicin was found to inhibit
production of cytokine messengers known to be a pro-inflammatory agent in a study
of inflammatory bowel disease (Lang 2004). In another study, a compound derived
from allicin was found to possess potential starting point as an anti-inflammatory
drug with lesser side effects (Krishna and Yadav 2012). Four OSCs, Z and E-ajoene
and ajoene oxidative sulfonyl derivatives were also isolated and found to possess
anti-inflammatory properties (Lee et al. 2012). These compounds act as antiinflammatory agents by inhibiting formation of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2
(PGE 2 ) and are considered to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of
diseases related to inflammation (Lee et al. 2012). Furthermore, ajoene was also
found to prevent activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and release of PGE 2 (Dirsch
and Vollmar 2001). DAS was also found to reduce expression COX2 and release of
PGE 2 (Chang and Chen 2005). Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic OSC, possess
potential anti-inflammatory substance by inhibiting the mediators and cytokines in
in vitro and in vivo models (You et al. 2013). Moreover, this compound also showed
capability of reducing lipopolysaccharides-induced paw edema in mouse models.
A. M. P. Walag et al.
exhibited anticancer activities (Lai et al. 2012). Moreover, DATS was also found to
induce apoptosis in human leukaemia cells by generation of ROS (Choi and Park
2012). Other OSCs derived from garlic and their mechanism against cancer is well
reviewed by Omar and Al-Wabel (2010).
Ajoene, a garlic-derived organosulfur produced from allicin under specific conditions, also possess inhibiting activity against neoplastic growth (Apitz-Castro
et al. 1992; Ariga and Seki 2006). This compound was found to exhibit antiproliferative effects against human tumour cell lines, blocking activity in early
stages of mitosis of marsupial kidney cells, and tumour inhibition against sarcoma
and hepatocarcinoma (Li 2002).
Sulforaphane (SFN) and other analogues like indole-3-carbinol (I3C) from
Brassica genus were also found to possess anticancer activity (Tin et al. 2014; GaliMuhtasib et al. 2015). SFN was found to exhibit anticancer activity against prostate
cancer cells in humans by apoptosis via induction of the autophagy defense mechanism (Herman-Antosiewicz et al. 2006). Anticancer activity of SFN was also found
against four cell lines of breast cancer by inhibiting its viability (Pawlik et al. 2013).
In another study, SFN was found to stabilize microtubules in breast cancer cell lines
thus suppress proliferation and mitosis (Azarenko et al. 2008). Meanwhile, SFN
was found to amplify the oxaliplatin-induced cell growth inhibitions in colorectal
cancer cells by inducing them in different apoptotic events (Kaminski et al. 2011).
SFN stimulates apoptosis of tumour cells thus serves as a lead candidate for the
development of multi-target strategy for the treatment of various diseases
(Goncharov et al. 2016).
21.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Anti-inflammatory properties were also found in OSCs. Allicin was found to inhibit
production of cytokine messengers known to be a pro-inflammatory agent in a study
of inflammatory bowel disease (Lang 2004). In another study, a compound derived
from allicin was found to possess potential starting point as an anti-inflammatory
drug with lesser side effects (Krishna and Yadav 2012). Four OSCs, Z and E-ajoene
and ajoene oxidative sulfonyl derivatives were also isolated and found to possess
anti-inflammatory properties (Lee et al. 2012). These compounds act as antiinflammatory agents by inhibiting formation of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2
(PGE 2 ) and are considered to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of
diseases related to inflammation (Lee et al. 2012). Furthermore, ajoene was also
found to prevent activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and release of PGE 2 (Dirsch
and Vollmar 2001). DAS was also found to reduce expression COX2 and release of
PGE 2 (Chang and Chen 2005). Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic OSC, possess
potential anti-inflammatory substance by inhibiting the mediators and cytokines in
in vitro and in vivo models (You et al. 2013). Moreover, this compound also showed
capability of reducing lipopolysaccharides-induced paw edema in mouse models.
A. M. P. Walag et al.