452
another study showed that lipoic acid supplementation reduced morphological alterations and elevated the regeneration process to prevent atrophy in type 1 diabetic rat
skeletal muscle cells (Jurisic-Erzen et al. 2018). Oral alpha-lipoic acid supplementation has also been shown to reduce the glycemic status as well as oxidative stressrelated deterioration in type 2 diabetes patients (Porasuphatana et al. 2012).
Likewise, Sadyakova and Nazhmutdinova (2009) emphasized that the lipoic acid
supplementation helps in improving diastolic function of the left ventricle and myocardial electrophysiological properties. Similarly, the effect of lipoic acid supplementation was evaluated in diabetic neuropathy and its association in early-stage
diabetic foot syndrome patients. The study revealed that the lipoic acid possesses
anti-neuropathic effect and leads to decrement in distal symmetric sensorimotor
polyneuropathy (Volchegorskiĭ et al. 2008). More studies have also reported the
preventive, curative and antioxidant effects of lipoic acid with respect to neuropathies and cardiomyopathies (Jamor et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2007; Mazloom and Ansar
2009; Papazafeiropoulou et al. 2019).
21.3.8 Other Organosulfur Compounds Possessing
Anti- Diabetic Activity
Organosulfur compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, penicillin, cephalosporin and sulfanilamide are currently being recognized to possess certain antidiabetic property. Penicillin is a well-known antibiotic that is also an organosulfur
compound. These organosulfur antibiotics are highly beneficial in the treatment of
diabetic foot infections and to prevent further spread of disease-causing microbes
(Lipsky 2016). Garg et al. (2017) reported that the anaerobic bacterial infections via
species including Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella species and
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in diabetic foot ulcer can be treated using penicillin
as an antibiotic compared to metronidazole (Garg et al. 2017).
Cephalosporin is another organosulfur compound with antimicrobial property
that are extensively studied as a better antibiotic agent for diabetic foot ulcer treatment (Amjad et al. 2017; Rastogi et al. 2017; Xie et al. 2017). In addition, Petrov
et al. (2016) revealed that cephalosporin helps in the treatment of calculous pyelonephritis with their anti-bacterial effects and prevents their further complications
due to type 2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid belongs to the perfluoroalkyl
substances and is secreted in diabetes patients. Lind et al. (Lind et al. 2014) reported
that the detection of these compounds can prevent human islet function impairment
by fatty acid secretion in diabetic patients. Cardenas et al. (2017) demonstrated that
the determination of plasma per and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentration including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid along with glycemic indicator associations can be
used to detect diabetes among high-risk adults in a diabetes prevention program
trial. Sulfanilamide is a unique organosulfur compound with a structure similar to
p-aminobenzoic acid with antibacterial efficacy (Liao et al. 2016). These antibiotic
A. M. P. Walag et al.
another study showed that lipoic acid supplementation reduced morphological alterations and elevated the regeneration process to prevent atrophy in type 1 diabetic rat
skeletal muscle cells (Jurisic-Erzen et al. 2018). Oral alpha-lipoic acid supplementation has also been shown to reduce the glycemic status as well as oxidative stressrelated deterioration in type 2 diabetes patients (Porasuphatana et al. 2012).
Likewise, Sadyakova and Nazhmutdinova (2009) emphasized that the lipoic acid
supplementation helps in improving diastolic function of the left ventricle and myocardial electrophysiological properties. Similarly, the effect of lipoic acid supplementation was evaluated in diabetic neuropathy and its association in early-stage
diabetic foot syndrome patients. The study revealed that the lipoic acid possesses
anti-neuropathic effect and leads to decrement in distal symmetric sensorimotor
polyneuropathy (Volchegorskiĭ et al. 2008). More studies have also reported the
preventive, curative and antioxidant effects of lipoic acid with respect to neuropathies and cardiomyopathies (Jamor et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2007; Mazloom and Ansar
2009; Papazafeiropoulou et al. 2019).
21.3.8 Other Organosulfur Compounds Possessing
Anti- Diabetic Activity
Organosulfur compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, penicillin, cephalosporin and sulfanilamide are currently being recognized to possess certain antidiabetic property. Penicillin is a well-known antibiotic that is also an organosulfur
compound. These organosulfur antibiotics are highly beneficial in the treatment of
diabetic foot infections and to prevent further spread of disease-causing microbes
(Lipsky 2016). Garg et al. (2017) reported that the anaerobic bacterial infections via
species including Bacteroides, Peptococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella species and
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius in diabetic foot ulcer can be treated using penicillin
as an antibiotic compared to metronidazole (Garg et al. 2017).
Cephalosporin is another organosulfur compound with antimicrobial property
that are extensively studied as a better antibiotic agent for diabetic foot ulcer treatment (Amjad et al. 2017; Rastogi et al. 2017; Xie et al. 2017). In addition, Petrov
et al. (2016) revealed that cephalosporin helps in the treatment of calculous pyelonephritis with their anti-bacterial effects and prevents their further complications
due to type 2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid belongs to the perfluoroalkyl
substances and is secreted in diabetes patients. Lind et al. (Lind et al. 2014) reported
that the detection of these compounds can prevent human islet function impairment
by fatty acid secretion in diabetic patients. Cardenas et al. (2017) demonstrated that
the determination of plasma per and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentration including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid along with glycemic indicator associations can be
used to detect diabetes among high-risk adults in a diabetes prevention program
trial. Sulfanilamide is a unique organosulfur compound with a structure similar to
p-aminobenzoic acid with antibacterial efficacy (Liao et al. 2016). These antibiotic
A. M. P. Walag et al.