398
neutralization (Mishra et al. 2013). Andreu et al. (2018) also observed that the cultivars with a significant amount of total phenolic compounds in the peel and pulp of
the fruits of six cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) and young and adult plants of
cladodes expressed a significant effect against oxidative stress (Andreu et al. 2018).
Zahoor et al. (2018) also reported that the antioxidant property of 2-hydroxy-2phenyle acetic acid (mandelic acid) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7trihydroxy- 4H-Chromen-4-one (quercetin), which are the major bioactive molecules
in Aesculus indica (Wall. Ex Cambess) showed a significant effect in the reduction
of oxidative stress which are caused by reactive oxygen species (Zahoor et al. 2018).
Polygonatum verticillatum L. extract exhibit great antioxidant activity, which has
been linked with their phenolic compounds present in the plant (Kumar Singh and
Patra 2018).
Meng et al. (2018) evaluated the phytochemical profiling as well as the biological activity of the extract of Camellia fangchengensis tealeaves. The result obtained
showed that flava-3-ol oligomers and monomers are potent antioxidant compound
found in the plant and maybe responsible for the antioxidant activities express by
the plant (Meng et al. 2018).
19.5.2 Blood Pressure Reduction Properties of Polyphenols
Polyphenols are present in foods such as soybean (Kim et al. 2008). Black soybeans
which contain different colours as a result of the presence of chlorophyll, anthocyanin other pigments. The black colour is due to the presence of anthocyanins in the
epidemis palisade layer of the seed coat (Kim et al. 2008). The soybeans are widely
consumed in Asia due to its medicinal purposes. Cyanidin-3-glucoside,
pelargonidin- 3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside have all been identified in
black soybeans seed (Choung et al. 2001). Black soybeans contain some phytochemicals such as isoflavones, phytic acid, saponin and phenolic that are all very
effective in the prevention of many chronic diseases and provide a lot of health
benefits (Zhang et al. 2011). Black soybeans have been reported to have the greatest
antioxidants properties compared to other coloured soybeans and these antioxidant
is due to the presence of phenolics, distributed mainly in the seed coats (Kim et al.
2006; Slavin et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2011). The rich content of soybeans has been
found to reduce the effects of cancer and other chronic diseases and metabolic disorders (Kusunoki et al. 2015; Zou 2016; Tan et al. 2016; Matsukawa et al. 2017).
Black soybeans contains low concentration of sodium, which enables it to maintain
blood pressure at a normal range. The presence of the anthocyanins in it has also
been reported as a factor for its ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases
in individuals (Zou 2016; Hooper et al. 2008). The fiber in Black soybeans helps to
lower total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) in the blood
and liver which are inversely related to heart disease and also inhibits oxidative
stress by increasing antioxidant activity and improving lipid profiles in postmenopausal women (Byun et al. 2010).
H. Tijjani et al.
neutralization (Mishra et al. 2013). Andreu et al. (2018) also observed that the cultivars with a significant amount of total phenolic compounds in the peel and pulp of
the fruits of six cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) and young and adult plants of
cladodes expressed a significant effect against oxidative stress (Andreu et al. 2018).
Zahoor et al. (2018) also reported that the antioxidant property of 2-hydroxy-2phenyle acetic acid (mandelic acid) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7trihydroxy- 4H-Chromen-4-one (quercetin), which are the major bioactive molecules
in Aesculus indica (Wall. Ex Cambess) showed a significant effect in the reduction
of oxidative stress which are caused by reactive oxygen species (Zahoor et al. 2018).
Polygonatum verticillatum L. extract exhibit great antioxidant activity, which has
been linked with their phenolic compounds present in the plant (Kumar Singh and
Patra 2018).
Meng et al. (2018) evaluated the phytochemical profiling as well as the biological activity of the extract of Camellia fangchengensis tealeaves. The result obtained
showed that flava-3-ol oligomers and monomers are potent antioxidant compound
found in the plant and maybe responsible for the antioxidant activities express by
the plant (Meng et al. 2018).
19.5.2 Blood Pressure Reduction Properties of Polyphenols
Polyphenols are present in foods such as soybean (Kim et al. 2008). Black soybeans
which contain different colours as a result of the presence of chlorophyll, anthocyanin other pigments. The black colour is due to the presence of anthocyanins in the
epidemis palisade layer of the seed coat (Kim et al. 2008). The soybeans are widely
consumed in Asia due to its medicinal purposes. Cyanidin-3-glucoside,
pelargonidin- 3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside have all been identified in
black soybeans seed (Choung et al. 2001). Black soybeans contain some phytochemicals such as isoflavones, phytic acid, saponin and phenolic that are all very
effective in the prevention of many chronic diseases and provide a lot of health
benefits (Zhang et al. 2011). Black soybeans have been reported to have the greatest
antioxidants properties compared to other coloured soybeans and these antioxidant
is due to the presence of phenolics, distributed mainly in the seed coats (Kim et al.
2006; Slavin et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2011). The rich content of soybeans has been
found to reduce the effects of cancer and other chronic diseases and metabolic disorders (Kusunoki et al. 2015; Zou 2016; Tan et al. 2016; Matsukawa et al. 2017).
Black soybeans contains low concentration of sodium, which enables it to maintain
blood pressure at a normal range. The presence of the anthocyanins in it has also
been reported as a factor for its ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases
in individuals (Zou 2016; Hooper et al. 2008). The fiber in Black soybeans helps to
lower total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) in the blood
and liver which are inversely related to heart disease and also inhibits oxidative
stress by increasing antioxidant activity and improving lipid profiles in postmenopausal women (Byun et al. 2010).
H. Tijjani et al.