248
Table 14.4 (continued)
Carotenoids
α – Carotene
β – Carotene lycopene
β – Cryptoxanthin
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
Astaxanthin
Prevents cancer in endometrium,
breast, lungs, liver and colon; cornea
protection against UV-induced
erythema
Orange, passion fruit,
jackfruit, Tangerines,
pineapple, Apricot,
peaches, pear, guava,
banana, apple, grapes,
mango, Acerola (Saini et al.
2015; Lokesh et al. 2014;
Divya and Pandey 2014;
Chan Jr 1980)
Tomato (Sanchez-Moreno et al.
2000); Carrot (Sun et al. 2009)
sweet potato, pumpkin, green
beans, spinach and broccoli
(Khoo et al. 2011); Broccoli,
Brussels, cauliflower, Chicory,
drumstick, Kale, Lettuce,
Pumpkin, Squash (Saini et al.
2015).
Phenolic acids
Hydroxybenzoic acid Gallic acid
p -hydroxybenzoic acid
Gentisic acid
Reduce hypertension,
atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia
Grapes, guava, pineapple,
Plantain Grapes (Pan et al.
2001), pomogranate,
Berries, onion, blackberry,
raspberry, strawberry
Lettuce, Tomato (SanchezMoreno et al. 2000); Artichoke
(Femenia et al. 1998; Larrosa
et al. 2002); Carrot, Potato
(Mattila and Hellstrom 2007).
Beets (Canadanovic-Brunet et al.
2011; Ninfali and Angelino 2013)
Hydroxycinnamic
acid
Caffeic acid
Chemo protective agent in oral
cancer, helps in cardiac health and
antihyperglycemic
Plantain, grapes
(Loganayaki et al. 2010)
Chlorogenic acid
Reduce colon cancer, prevents
hardening of arteries
Pineapple, peaches, grapes,
Kiwi, cherry, plum, apple,
pear (Alam et al. 2016)
Ferulic acid
Protect against cancer, bone
degeneration, menopausal symptoms
Pineapple, grapes, apple,
orange
Functional
compounds
Mechanism of action
Fruit source
Vegetable source
J. Kaparapu et al.