126
and red clover 2/3 of this area. Other leguminous plants, such as: Persian clover
(Trifolium resupinatum L.), shamrock (Trifolium incarnatum L.), white melilot
(Melilotus albus Desr.), Serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) Have a negligible
share in the field of fodder production, and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hornbeam (Lotus corniculatus L.), lucerne hoppeas (Medicago lupulina L.) and whiteleaf clover (Trifolium hybrydum L.) play an important role as components of
meadow and pasture mixtures. Butterfly small-seedlings are a group of plants with
a very large diversity of species in terms of: biological (durability, regrowth, and
multicellularity), morphological (plant height, degree of foliage, habitat of shoots),
habitat requirements (type and type of soil, humidity, temperature, insolation) and
use (cattle, pasture) (Sawicka et al. 2000).
The basic species are characterized by the highest productivity in field cultivation, and the yields of their dry matter are on average 8–12 tons ha
−1
. The first year
of cultivation (sowing year) decides about the productivity of these species, although
the main yield in full years of use. The biological properties of red clover enable our
2-year exploitation in most of our conditions (year of sowing and full year of use),
whereas in the case of alfalfa this period can be 2–3 years, not including the sowing
year, and depends mainly on the number of cuts per year. The main method of sowing red clover is sowing in a protective plant, and alfalfa both sowing clean, as well
as under sown. Sowing red clover into a protective plant (spring barley for grain or
oats for green) is used primarily for economic reasons. Regrowth of the undercapture on the equipment of the protective plant is called a stubble, and its yield, collected most often at the end of September, depends mainly on the course of weather
conditions in the summer months. Drought and high air temperature after the harvest of the protective plant limit the yielding of the abrasive, while high and proportionally distributed precipitation at high temperature stimulates the crop. Under
favorable conditions one can get about 1 tons of dry matter, very good quality, from
1 ha. The abundance of alfalfa abundance cultivated as a spring barley yield is about
1–2-3 tons ha
−1
of dry matter, while grown in pure sowing about 5 tons per ha.
Sowing the legume plants into a protective plant, an additional 3.5 tons are obtained
ha
−1
of barley grain. Lucerne, cultivated as a disgrace, reacts worse than red clover
to unfavorable development conditions, and especially to the lack of light. In such
conditions, it germinates less, grows more slowly and more plants die. In addition,
early mowing of alfalfa with grain before the flowering phase results in weaker root
system development and weakens plants that are worse in winter and lower yield in
the next year compared to alfalfa sown in pure sowing. Also, summer sowing without a protective plant that can be performed by mid-July is usually less favorable for
the development and yielding of legume plants. In addition to annual plants (Persian
clover, red clover, seradella), most butterfly species, yields best in the second year,
and species with greater durability, such as: alfalfa and seed alfalfa, sainfoin and
hornbeam, can also yield well in second and third year of full use. In crop for fodder, the productivity of plants depends on the structure of crop density, which is
formed by the planting of crops and shoots on the surface unit. The relationship
between the planting density and the density of the shoots is not directly proportional, because in practice from a different number of plants on a specific surface
B. Sawicka et al.
and red clover 2/3 of this area. Other leguminous plants, such as: Persian clover
(Trifolium resupinatum L.), shamrock (Trifolium incarnatum L.), white melilot
(Melilotus albus Desr.), Serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) Have a negligible
share in the field of fodder production, and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), hornbeam (Lotus corniculatus L.), lucerne hoppeas (Medicago lupulina L.) and whiteleaf clover (Trifolium hybrydum L.) play an important role as components of
meadow and pasture mixtures. Butterfly small-seedlings are a group of plants with
a very large diversity of species in terms of: biological (durability, regrowth, and
multicellularity), morphological (plant height, degree of foliage, habitat of shoots),
habitat requirements (type and type of soil, humidity, temperature, insolation) and
use (cattle, pasture) (Sawicka et al. 2000).
The basic species are characterized by the highest productivity in field cultivation, and the yields of their dry matter are on average 8–12 tons ha
−1
. The first year
of cultivation (sowing year) decides about the productivity of these species, although
the main yield in full years of use. The biological properties of red clover enable our
2-year exploitation in most of our conditions (year of sowing and full year of use),
whereas in the case of alfalfa this period can be 2–3 years, not including the sowing
year, and depends mainly on the number of cuts per year. The main method of sowing red clover is sowing in a protective plant, and alfalfa both sowing clean, as well
as under sown. Sowing red clover into a protective plant (spring barley for grain or
oats for green) is used primarily for economic reasons. Regrowth of the undercapture on the equipment of the protective plant is called a stubble, and its yield, collected most often at the end of September, depends mainly on the course of weather
conditions in the summer months. Drought and high air temperature after the harvest of the protective plant limit the yielding of the abrasive, while high and proportionally distributed precipitation at high temperature stimulates the crop. Under
favorable conditions one can get about 1 tons of dry matter, very good quality, from
1 ha. The abundance of alfalfa abundance cultivated as a spring barley yield is about
1–2-3 tons ha
−1
of dry matter, while grown in pure sowing about 5 tons per ha.
Sowing the legume plants into a protective plant, an additional 3.5 tons are obtained
ha
−1
of barley grain. Lucerne, cultivated as a disgrace, reacts worse than red clover
to unfavorable development conditions, and especially to the lack of light. In such
conditions, it germinates less, grows more slowly and more plants die. In addition,
early mowing of alfalfa with grain before the flowering phase results in weaker root
system development and weakens plants that are worse in winter and lower yield in
the next year compared to alfalfa sown in pure sowing. Also, summer sowing without a protective plant that can be performed by mid-July is usually less favorable for
the development and yielding of legume plants. In addition to annual plants (Persian
clover, red clover, seradella), most butterfly species, yields best in the second year,
and species with greater durability, such as: alfalfa and seed alfalfa, sainfoin and
hornbeam, can also yield well in second and third year of full use. In crop for fodder, the productivity of plants depends on the structure of crop density, which is
formed by the planting of crops and shoots on the surface unit. The relationship
between the planting density and the density of the shoots is not directly proportional, because in practice from a different number of plants on a specific surface
B. Sawicka et al.