sector contributes to the GDP the most, as shown by the numerous blue bars in
Fig. 3.1; however, its bioeconomy-related contribution is expected to be low.
1
Based on the concept of resource-industry supply chains, Fig. 3.2 displays the
participation of the main primary (Fig. 3.2a) and secondary (Fig. 3.2b) subsectors.
The agricultural sector has a 39% share of the total primary sector, whereas the
primary resources coming from non-traditional sources, such as aquatic spaces, have
minimal participation due to the specific weight of oil extraction (56%). In the
secondary sector, oil refining has a relatively low participation (8%), whereas the
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
USD (in millions)
Fig. 3.1 Disaggregation of GDP by economic sectors. Green bars denote subsectors of the primary
sector, orange bars denote subsectors of the secondary sector, and blue bars denote subsectors of the
tertiary sector. Source: Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) (2018)
(a)
(b)
39%
2%
3%
56%
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Fishing
Oil and Mines
52%
8%
5%
35%
Manufacturing
Refining
Electricity & water Construction
Fig. 3.2 Disaggregated share of GDP in (a) primary and (b) secondary sectors. Source: Central
Bank of Ecuador (BCE) (2018)
1 Considering the conceptual framework described in the next section, assessing the role of the
bioeconomy in the traditional tertiary sector is less straight-forward than in the primary and
secondary sectors. Mainly for this reason, we will not address this sector.
40
D. Ortega-Pacheco et al.