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R. Pagan
Table 1 Regression results (OLS) on loneliness in Germany (2013 and 2017)
Mean (SD)
Specification 1
Specification 2
Leisure activities
Meeting family and friends
2.267
−0.140***
−0.136***
(0.778)
(0.00539)
(0.00569)
Doing sports
1.624
−0.0106***
−0.00865***
(1.362)
(0.00288)
(0.00302)
Artistic activities
0.869
0.0183***
0.0185***
(1.081)
(0.00347)
(0.00361)
Attending church
0.676
0.0105**
0.00968**
(0.936)
(0.00417)
(0.00437)
Political initiatives
0.143
0.0279***
0.0322***
(0.478)
(0.00708)
(0.00752)
Volunteer work
0.651
−0.0103***
−0.00535
(1.053)
(0.00343)
(0.00360)
Cinema
0.961
−0.0154***
−0.0180***
(0.785)
(0.00553)
(0.00579)
Cultural events
0.847
−0.0606***
−0.0548***
(0.714)
(0.00610)
(0.00637)
Disability status
Without disabilities (ND)
0.878
–
–
With moderate disabilities (MD)
0.065
0.144***
0.163***
(0.0156)
(0.0531)
With severe disabilities (SD)
0.057
0.272***
0.481***
(0.0189)
(0.0543)
Interaction terms
Meeting family and friends * MD
0.139
–
−0.00716
(0.567)
(0.0218)
Meeting family and friends * SD
0.115
–
−0.0446*
(0.516)
(0.0234)
Doing sports * MD
0.095
–
0.00174
(0.505)
(0.0118)
Doing sports * SD
0.061
–
−0.0359**
(0.406)
(0.0143)
Artistic activities * MD
0.053
–
−0.000901
(0.337)
(0.0154)
Artistic activities * SD
0.036
–
−0.00998
(0.281)
(0.0186)
(continued)