44
B. Kolny
consumption (carpooling), can be included within the scope of voluntary simplicity
and a simplification of life that affects the amount of free time and forms of leisure.
The economical use approach includes repairing and modernizing things you use,
buying second-hand items, exchanging items with other consumers, sharing things
together and self-supplying that is consistent with the idea of do it yourself (DIY),
meaning making many products by yourself (sewing clothes, making preparations,
furniture). Waste segregation and the use of ecological packaging can be indicated in
the field of waste disposal, while the area of buying sustainable products comprises
the purchase of energy-saving and ecological products and time-saving products (e.g.
purchase of a dishwasher that saves both time and the amount of water consumed
in households) (Zrałek 2018). Each of these activities aims to either save time for
leisure activities or to perform it at the time that could be intended for rest.
The idea of shared consumption and sharing, which has revived thanks to the
development of information technologies, limited access to resources, and urbanization as well as demographic and social changes, is the area that is consistent with
the concept of leisure time in the context of sustainable consumptions. Sharing, as
Botsman and Rogers (2010) write, is a consumption model that consists of borrowing,
exchanging, barter contracts or paid access to goods, in opposition to ownership. The
authors emphasize the importance of utility over ownership, community over egoism,
and sustainable development over novelty (Botsman and Rogers 2010). People can
share skills, knowledge, time and services. The sharing economy trend is based
on connecting people via online platforms (Hamari, Sjöklint and Ukkonen 2015).
The essence of this phenomenon is the possibility for private individuals to use
possessed resources, properties, vehicles, media content and time to compete with
traditional entrepreneurs. Thus a group of prosumers (consumers and producers in
one) is created, which has the potential to reach a wide global group of recipients.
The concept is based on the idea of product service approach (Zalega 2013), i.e.,
focusing on the function of the product without the need to own it. People do not
need to have their own car, bicycle or other means of transport to reach the place
where they can spend their free time. While wishing to listen to music or watch a
movie at home, they do not need a DVD or other media that is their property, only
a film that they can watch and music played from any disc. If they want to read a
book, they do not have to buy it, they only need to borrow it, and after reading they
can exchange it for another. These solutions are often based on a simple neighbour
exchange of favours, or systems of city bikes and car sharing, which are becoming
increasingly popular among a wide range of consumers. Airbnb is a website service
that connects owners sharing their apartments or houses with tourists. Uber is an
application associating drivers with passengers. The application allows for ordering
a ride in a convenient and intuitive way, finding information about the driver and
car and making payments. Spotify and Netflix also function on the basis of sharing.
Spotify offers access to music from a mobile application available for smartphones,
tablets, computers and TVs. This form replaces buying CDs. Netflix works similarly.
The user can rent and watch the movie that is in the database through the application, without having to buy it. It should be stated in conclusion that the research
performed by Hamari et al. (2015) confirms that the use of various forms of sharing
B. Kolny
consumption (carpooling), can be included within the scope of voluntary simplicity
and a simplification of life that affects the amount of free time and forms of leisure.
The economical use approach includes repairing and modernizing things you use,
buying second-hand items, exchanging items with other consumers, sharing things
together and self-supplying that is consistent with the idea of do it yourself (DIY),
meaning making many products by yourself (sewing clothes, making preparations,
furniture). Waste segregation and the use of ecological packaging can be indicated in
the field of waste disposal, while the area of buying sustainable products comprises
the purchase of energy-saving and ecological products and time-saving products (e.g.
purchase of a dishwasher that saves both time and the amount of water consumed
in households) (Zrałek 2018). Each of these activities aims to either save time for
leisure activities or to perform it at the time that could be intended for rest.
The idea of shared consumption and sharing, which has revived thanks to the
development of information technologies, limited access to resources, and urbanization as well as demographic and social changes, is the area that is consistent with
the concept of leisure time in the context of sustainable consumptions. Sharing, as
Botsman and Rogers (2010) write, is a consumption model that consists of borrowing,
exchanging, barter contracts or paid access to goods, in opposition to ownership. The
authors emphasize the importance of utility over ownership, community over egoism,
and sustainable development over novelty (Botsman and Rogers 2010). People can
share skills, knowledge, time and services. The sharing economy trend is based
on connecting people via online platforms (Hamari, Sjöklint and Ukkonen 2015).
The essence of this phenomenon is the possibility for private individuals to use
possessed resources, properties, vehicles, media content and time to compete with
traditional entrepreneurs. Thus a group of prosumers (consumers and producers in
one) is created, which has the potential to reach a wide global group of recipients.
The concept is based on the idea of product service approach (Zalega 2013), i.e.,
focusing on the function of the product without the need to own it. People do not
need to have their own car, bicycle or other means of transport to reach the place
where they can spend their free time. While wishing to listen to music or watch a
movie at home, they do not need a DVD or other media that is their property, only
a film that they can watch and music played from any disc. If they want to read a
book, they do not have to buy it, they only need to borrow it, and after reading they
can exchange it for another. These solutions are often based on a simple neighbour
exchange of favours, or systems of city bikes and car sharing, which are becoming
increasingly popular among a wide range of consumers. Airbnb is a website service
that connects owners sharing their apartments or houses with tourists. Uber is an
application associating drivers with passengers. The application allows for ordering
a ride in a convenient and intuitive way, finding information about the driver and
car and making payments. Spotify and Netflix also function on the basis of sharing.
Spotify offers access to music from a mobile application available for smartphones,
tablets, computers and TVs. This form replaces buying CDs. Netflix works similarly.
The user can rent and watch the movie that is in the database through the application, without having to buy it. It should be stated in conclusion that the research
performed by Hamari et al. (2015) confirms that the use of various forms of sharing