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A. Panasiuk
goals related to tourism, as well as the selection of appropriate instruments needed to
achieve them, thereby leading to the shaping of the tourism market structure in tourist
demand and supply–demand relations. According to sustainable tourism, the main
tasks of tourism policy include: shaping the optimal size and structure of tourism,
coordinating the development of tourism with other areas of the economy, as well as
rational use of tourism, labor resources and capital in the field of tourism (Bosiacki
and Panasiuk 2017).
In practice, tourism policy is pursued by policy entities that are public bodies,
including local governments and supporting institutions. Entities use specific policy
instruments, which are the means to achieve the objectives and tasks, influencing
policy recipients, i.e., suppliers of tourist offers (enterprises and tourist destinations)
and tourist consumers (tourists).
In subjective terms, tourism policy has a hierarchical structure. It is made up of
entities as follows: global (e.g. UN WTO), European Union institutions, national
central bodies (e.g. NTA—national tourist administration), local government units
and tourist organizations. From the viewpoint of development policies of urban
sustainable tourism, the bodies of municipal self-government and cooperating institutions are decisive (e.g. local tourist organizations). From the research on sustainable
tourism policy carried out by Guo et al. (2019), the basic issues include ones related
to participants in tourism policy (policy entities and recipients), planning goals and
tasks, as well as climate policy and its impact on sustainable tourism.
Priority measures to develop sustainable urban tourism include (Pender and
Sharpley 2008; Niezgoda 2006; Panasiuk 2008; Gaweł 2013):
• striving to preserve and protect nature resources and native culture,
• shaping diversity of natural and cultural assets along with activities that support
their maintenance,
• involving residents in the development of tourism (already at the planning stage)
and creating new sources of income,
• integrated planning in the urban economy,
• focusing the tourism industry on reducing waste and saving energy and water,
• stimulating pro-ecological behaviour among tourist staff, residents and tourists,
• creating international openness and tolerance as well as a healthy lifestyle in
harmony with nature,
• promotion, by city authorities, of an open market and free policy exchange of
tourist services subordinated to the principles of sustainable development and
respecting international environmental law,
• pro-quality initiatives taking into account appropriate ecological development,
shaping the relation between tourist growth and city tourism development,
• care for human health, both tourists and residents.
Urban sustainable tourism policy should be a way of encouraging new forms of
economic activity through employment policy and promoting environmental protection. The planned activities should be undertaken as part of the participatory process,
in cooperation with the municipal government along with direct providers of tourist
services, by defining specific goals and indicators of sustainable development in
A. Panasiuk
goals related to tourism, as well as the selection of appropriate instruments needed to
achieve them, thereby leading to the shaping of the tourism market structure in tourist
demand and supply–demand relations. According to sustainable tourism, the main
tasks of tourism policy include: shaping the optimal size and structure of tourism,
coordinating the development of tourism with other areas of the economy, as well as
rational use of tourism, labor resources and capital in the field of tourism (Bosiacki
and Panasiuk 2017).
In practice, tourism policy is pursued by policy entities that are public bodies,
including local governments and supporting institutions. Entities use specific policy
instruments, which are the means to achieve the objectives and tasks, influencing
policy recipients, i.e., suppliers of tourist offers (enterprises and tourist destinations)
and tourist consumers (tourists).
In subjective terms, tourism policy has a hierarchical structure. It is made up of
entities as follows: global (e.g. UN WTO), European Union institutions, national
central bodies (e.g. NTA—national tourist administration), local government units
and tourist organizations. From the viewpoint of development policies of urban
sustainable tourism, the bodies of municipal self-government and cooperating institutions are decisive (e.g. local tourist organizations). From the research on sustainable
tourism policy carried out by Guo et al. (2019), the basic issues include ones related
to participants in tourism policy (policy entities and recipients), planning goals and
tasks, as well as climate policy and its impact on sustainable tourism.
Priority measures to develop sustainable urban tourism include (Pender and
Sharpley 2008; Niezgoda 2006; Panasiuk 2008; Gaweł 2013):
• striving to preserve and protect nature resources and native culture,
• shaping diversity of natural and cultural assets along with activities that support
their maintenance,
• involving residents in the development of tourism (already at the planning stage)
and creating new sources of income,
• integrated planning in the urban economy,
• focusing the tourism industry on reducing waste and saving energy and water,
• stimulating pro-ecological behaviour among tourist staff, residents and tourists,
• creating international openness and tolerance as well as a healthy lifestyle in
harmony with nature,
• promotion, by city authorities, of an open market and free policy exchange of
tourist services subordinated to the principles of sustainable development and
respecting international environmental law,
• pro-quality initiatives taking into account appropriate ecological development,
shaping the relation between tourist growth and city tourism development,
• care for human health, both tourists and residents.
Urban sustainable tourism policy should be a way of encouraging new forms of
economic activity through employment policy and promoting environmental protection. The planned activities should be undertaken as part of the participatory process,
in cooperation with the municipal government along with direct providers of tourist
services, by defining specific goals and indicators of sustainable development in