Equator. The El Nino Southern Oscillation is like a pendulum, as El Nino takes place
in one side (west) and La Nina takes place along the other side (east), and vice versa.
Its major cause is the trade winds that move from east to west, especially in Ecuador,
Peru, and South America. By correlating the rainfall data and El Nino, we can
identify the effects along coastal Karnataka. As El Nino and La Nina have major
impacts on agriculture, food supply, and the economy of the country, it is necessary
to study the related patterns and influence of rainfall.
The energy sector in the world needs major changes for reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions and climate change mitigation. It has been believed the current rate in
increase of greenhouse gas emissions will cause an increase in sea levels and
changes in global climate patterns. These effects will hinder adaptation for climate
change mitigation; hence, it is important to incorporate and understand the models
that will be implemented in the energy sector for decarbonization. According to this
perspective, the geothermal resources are considered as one of the most productive
energy sources that can be adopted for the control of greenhouse gas emissions. The
purpose of this study is to understand the global status of geothermal energy and its
important role in the mitigation of climate change.
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Wageningen, The Netherlands
Md. Nazrul Islam
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Wageningen, The Netherlands
André van Amstel
Preface
ix