Babatolu JS, Akinnubi RT, Folagimi AT, Bukola OO (2014) Variability and trends of daily heavy
rainfall events over Niger River Basin Development Authority area in Nigeria. Am J Clim
Change 3:1–7
Bera S (2017) Trend analysis of rainfall in Ganga Basin, India during 1901–2000. Am J Clim
Change 6:116–131
Bisht DS, Chatterjee C, Raghuwanshi NS, Sridhar V (2018) Spatio-temporal trends of rainfall
across Indian river basins. Theor Appl Climatol 132:419–436
Biswas B, Jadhav RS, Tikone N (2019) Rainfall distribution and trend analysis for upper Godavari
Basin, India, from 100 years record (1911–2010). J Indian Soc Remote Sens 47:1781–1792
Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems: spatial
information systems and geostatistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Deka RL, Mahanta C, Pathak H, Nath KK, Das S (2013) Trends and fluctuations of rainfall regime
in the Brahmaputra and Barak basins of Assam, India. Theor Appl Climatol 114:61–71
Deshpande NR, Kothawale DR, Kulkarni A (2016) Changes in climate extremes over major river
basins of India. Int J Climatol 36:4548–4559
Emmanuel LA, Hounguè NR, Biaou CA, Badou DF (2019) Statistical analysis of recent and future
rainfall and temperature variability in the Mono River watershed (Benin, Togo). Climate 7(1):8
Gadgil S, Gadgil S (2006) The Indian monsoon, GDP and agriculture. Econ Polit Wkly
41:4887–4895
Gajbhiye S, Meshram C, Singh SK, Srivastava PK, Islam T (2016) Precipitation trend analysis of
Sindh River basin, India, from 102-year record (1901–2002). Atmos Sci Lett 17:71–77
Gilbert RO (1987) Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York
Gupta M, Srivastava PK, Islam T, Bin Ishak AM (2014) Evaluation of TRMM rainfall for soil
moisture prediction in a subtropical climate. Environ Earth Sci 71(10):4421–4431
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and
vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Jain SK, Nayak PC, Singh Y, Chandniha SK (2017) Trends in rainfall and peak flows for some river
basins in India. Curr Sci 112:1712–1726
Jaiswal RK, Lohani AK, Tiwari HL (2015) Statistical analysis for change detection and trend
assessment in climatological parameters. Environ Process 2:729–749
Kamruzzaman M, Beecham S, Metcalfe AV (2013) Climatic influences on rainfall and runoff
variability in the southeast region of the Murray–Darling basin. Int J Climatol 33:291–311
Kendall MG (1948) Rank correlation methods. Griffin, London
Khaniya B, Jayanayaka I, Jayasanka P, Rathnayake U (2019) Rainfall trend analysis in Uma Oya
basin, Sri Lanka, and future water scarcity problems in perspective of climate variability. Adv
Meteorol 2019:3636158
Kliment Z, Matoušková M (2008) Long-term trends of rainfall and runoff regime in upper Otava
River basin. Soil Water Res 3:155–167
Kumar V, Jain SK (2010) Trends in rainfall amount and number of rainy days in river basins of
India (1951–2004). Hydrol Res 42(4):290–306
Langat PK, Kumar L, Koech R (2017) Temporal variability and trends of rainfall and streamflow in
Tana River Basin, Kenya. Sustainability 9(11):1963
Loo YY, Billa L, Singh A (2015) Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its
impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia. Geosci Front 6:817–823
Machiwal D, Jha MK (2017) Evaluating persistence, and identifying trends and abrupt changes in
monthly and annual rainfalls of a semi-arid region in western India. Theor Appl Climatol
128:689–708
Machiwal D, Dayal D, Kumar S (2017) Long-term rainfall trends and change points in hot and cold
arid regions of India. Hydrol Sci J 62:1050–1066
Mann HB (1945) Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13:245–259
296
M. Chahal et al.
rainfall events over Niger River Basin Development Authority area in Nigeria. Am J Clim
Change 3:1–7
Bera S (2017) Trend analysis of rainfall in Ganga Basin, India during 1901–2000. Am J Clim
Change 6:116–131
Bisht DS, Chatterjee C, Raghuwanshi NS, Sridhar V (2018) Spatio-temporal trends of rainfall
across Indian river basins. Theor Appl Climatol 132:419–436
Biswas B, Jadhav RS, Tikone N (2019) Rainfall distribution and trend analysis for upper Godavari
Basin, India, from 100 years record (1911–2010). J Indian Soc Remote Sens 47:1781–1792
Burrough PA, McDonnell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems: spatial
information systems and geostatistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Deka RL, Mahanta C, Pathak H, Nath KK, Das S (2013) Trends and fluctuations of rainfall regime
in the Brahmaputra and Barak basins of Assam, India. Theor Appl Climatol 114:61–71
Deshpande NR, Kothawale DR, Kulkarni A (2016) Changes in climate extremes over major river
basins of India. Int J Climatol 36:4548–4559
Emmanuel LA, Hounguè NR, Biaou CA, Badou DF (2019) Statistical analysis of recent and future
rainfall and temperature variability in the Mono River watershed (Benin, Togo). Climate 7(1):8
Gadgil S, Gadgil S (2006) The Indian monsoon, GDP and agriculture. Econ Polit Wkly
41:4887–4895
Gajbhiye S, Meshram C, Singh SK, Srivastava PK, Islam T (2016) Precipitation trend analysis of
Sindh River basin, India, from 102-year record (1901–2002). Atmos Sci Lett 17:71–77
Gilbert RO (1987) Statistical methods for environmental pollution monitoring. Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York
Gupta M, Srivastava PK, Islam T, Bin Ishak AM (2014) Evaluation of TRMM rainfall for soil
moisture prediction in a subtropical climate. Environ Earth Sci 71(10):4421–4431
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and
vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Jain SK, Nayak PC, Singh Y, Chandniha SK (2017) Trends in rainfall and peak flows for some river
basins in India. Curr Sci 112:1712–1726
Jaiswal RK, Lohani AK, Tiwari HL (2015) Statistical analysis for change detection and trend
assessment in climatological parameters. Environ Process 2:729–749
Kamruzzaman M, Beecham S, Metcalfe AV (2013) Climatic influences on rainfall and runoff
variability in the southeast region of the Murray–Darling basin. Int J Climatol 33:291–311
Kendall MG (1948) Rank correlation methods. Griffin, London
Khaniya B, Jayanayaka I, Jayasanka P, Rathnayake U (2019) Rainfall trend analysis in Uma Oya
basin, Sri Lanka, and future water scarcity problems in perspective of climate variability. Adv
Meteorol 2019:3636158
Kliment Z, Matoušková M (2008) Long-term trends of rainfall and runoff regime in upper Otava
River basin. Soil Water Res 3:155–167
Kumar V, Jain SK (2010) Trends in rainfall amount and number of rainy days in river basins of
India (1951–2004). Hydrol Res 42(4):290–306
Langat PK, Kumar L, Koech R (2017) Temporal variability and trends of rainfall and streamflow in
Tana River Basin, Kenya. Sustainability 9(11):1963
Loo YY, Billa L, Singh A (2015) Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its
impact on the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia. Geosci Front 6:817–823
Machiwal D, Jha MK (2017) Evaluating persistence, and identifying trends and abrupt changes in
monthly and annual rainfalls of a semi-arid region in western India. Theor Appl Climatol
128:689–708
Machiwal D, Dayal D, Kumar S (2017) Long-term rainfall trends and change points in hot and cold
arid regions of India. Hydrol Sci J 62:1050–1066
Mann HB (1945) Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica 13:245–259
296
M. Chahal et al.