Pinscore ¼ f V1 Â v1 þ V2 Â v2 þ V3 Â v3 þ V4 Â v5 þ . . . v35
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
Eigen
p
value
where V1, V2. . . . V35 ¼ actual values of variables up to ‘35’ number; v1,
v2. . .v35 ¼ loadings from the first principal component of each variable (Eigen
vectors).
The level of adaptation strategy was determined using average standardized
values of the composite factor of each household. The composite adaptation index
was divided into low, moderate, high, and very high using a natural break classification scheme.
Results and Discussion
Household Socioeconomic Characteristics
Most of the sampled households in SBR were headed by males (80%) with an
average age of 45 years. Analysis of social characteristics revealed that most
households were practicing Hinduism (92%), followed by Islam (8%). The average
family size of the sampled households was five members. Wide income inequalities
were found among the respondents (0.3); the average monthly income of the
households was calculated to be about 5466.8 rupees (US $72.29). Analysis of
socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the majority of the respondents (39%)
was living below the poverty line and only 31% of the sampled households had their
own agricultural land (Table 5.1). Most of the sampled households had electricity,
but only 37% of these households had sanitation facilities on their premises.
Table 5.1 Descriptive statistics of the sampled households in the SBR
Respondent (household) characteristic
Subcategory
Mean, range, or
percent
SD
Average age of respondent (min–max)
44.72 (21–84)
14.81
Male respondent (%)
80.4
Respondent religion (%)
Hindu
92.1
Muslim
7.9
Average family size (min–max)
4.75 (2–13)
1.71
Average household income per month
(rupees)
5466.84
3789.8
Households under below poverty line (BPL)
(%)
39.2%
Income inequality (Gini coefficient)
0.297
Households owning agricultural land (%)
30.9
Households with sanitation facility (%)
36.7
Households with electricity connection (%)
68.4
Source: Authors’ own calculations based on field survey 2018–2019
108
M. Sahana et al.
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi
Eigen
p
value
where V1, V2. . . . V35 ¼ actual values of variables up to ‘35’ number; v1,
v2. . .v35 ¼ loadings from the first principal component of each variable (Eigen
vectors).
The level of adaptation strategy was determined using average standardized
values of the composite factor of each household. The composite adaptation index
was divided into low, moderate, high, and very high using a natural break classification scheme.
Results and Discussion
Household Socioeconomic Characteristics
Most of the sampled households in SBR were headed by males (80%) with an
average age of 45 years. Analysis of social characteristics revealed that most
households were practicing Hinduism (92%), followed by Islam (8%). The average
family size of the sampled households was five members. Wide income inequalities
were found among the respondents (0.3); the average monthly income of the
households was calculated to be about 5466.8 rupees (US $72.29). Analysis of
socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the majority of the respondents (39%)
was living below the poverty line and only 31% of the sampled households had their
own agricultural land (Table 5.1). Most of the sampled households had electricity,
but only 37% of these households had sanitation facilities on their premises.
Table 5.1 Descriptive statistics of the sampled households in the SBR
Respondent (household) characteristic
Subcategory
Mean, range, or
percent
SD
Average age of respondent (min–max)
44.72 (21–84)
14.81
Male respondent (%)
80.4
Respondent religion (%)
Hindu
92.1
Muslim
7.9
Average family size (min–max)
4.75 (2–13)
1.71
Average household income per month
(rupees)
5466.84
3789.8
Households under below poverty line (BPL)
(%)
39.2%
Income inequality (Gini coefficient)
0.297
Households owning agricultural land (%)
30.9
Households with sanitation facility (%)
36.7
Households with electricity connection (%)
68.4
Source: Authors’ own calculations based on field survey 2018–2019
108
M. Sahana et al.