A/B, respectively. More than 90% of the extracted HA was in free form for all
horizons except the C horizon (Watanabe et al. 2004).
Guentersberg soil (Braunerde-Podsole): Ah/B1/B2/BC, Dystric Cambisol—The
primary minerals in the Guentersberg soil were chlorite, mica, quartz, and feldspar.
Smectite and interstratified smectite-vermiculite were found to be the dominant
silicates in the Ah horizon, whereas kaolinite was detected in the B horizons,
along with abundant quartz. The mineral composition and relatively low clay content
of this soil indicate a strong weathering process, compared with the Podsole and
Braunfahlerde profiles. Element composition analysis showed a relatively large
SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio, and the Al Ex content (Al d , Al o , Al p ) was relatively low throughout
the profile. These characteristics suggested the clay deconstruction process is stronger in this profile than in the former two profiles. The pH values in H 2 O and KCl
(3.55–4.20 and 2.90–3.90, respectively) were lower than the values in Elend soil
(4.39–5.10 and 3.02–3.89, respectively). Nevertheless, base saturation values were
relatively high (>100) due to the low CEC and high content of exchangeable bases.
The field texture of the B2 and B/C horizons, described as LiC, demonstrated that the
silt fraction, not the humus, might be responsible for the high content of exchangeable bases in these soils. The humus properties of Guentersberg soil were similar to
those of the former two soils, except for the low RF 2 value (30–40).
Table 10.3 Mineral composition and content of exchangeable aluminum (cmol(+) kg
À1 soil) of
Oderteich, Elend, and Guentersberg (Revised from Watanabe et al. 2004)
Soil profile
Horizon
Clay mineral composition
Exchangeable
Al
Vt Ch Sm
Sm/
Vt
AlVt
Mc Kt Qz Fd
(cmol
(+) kg
À1 soil)
Oderteich
Ah
À À À
Æ
À
Æ
Æ +
Æ
7.95
E
À À ++ À
À
Æ
Æ +
Æ 11.06
Bs
Æ À À
À
++
Æ
Æ +
Æ 13.46
Bw
Elend
Ah
À À À
++
À
Æ
À +
Æ
8.11
E
À Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
+
Æ 10.88
B
À Æ À
À
+
Æ
À +
À
3.11
B/C
À Æ À
À
À
+
À +
À
3.56
Guentersberg Ah
Æ À +
+
À
Æ
À ++ Æ
5.31
B1
Æ Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
++ Æ
5.86
B2
Æ Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
++
+
Æ
3.53
B/C
2.58
Vt vermiculite, Ch chlorite, Sm smectite Sm/Vt interstratified smectite–vermiculite, Al-Vt hydroxyinterlayered vermiculite, Mc mica, Kt kaolinite, Qz quartz, Fd feldspars
10 Spatial Distribution of Sclerotia Grains in Low-pH Forest Soils, Central Germany
181
horizons except the C horizon (Watanabe et al. 2004).
Guentersberg soil (Braunerde-Podsole): Ah/B1/B2/BC, Dystric Cambisol—The
primary minerals in the Guentersberg soil were chlorite, mica, quartz, and feldspar.
Smectite and interstratified smectite-vermiculite were found to be the dominant
silicates in the Ah horizon, whereas kaolinite was detected in the B horizons,
along with abundant quartz. The mineral composition and relatively low clay content
of this soil indicate a strong weathering process, compared with the Podsole and
Braunfahlerde profiles. Element composition analysis showed a relatively large
SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio, and the Al Ex content (Al d , Al o , Al p ) was relatively low throughout
the profile. These characteristics suggested the clay deconstruction process is stronger in this profile than in the former two profiles. The pH values in H 2 O and KCl
(3.55–4.20 and 2.90–3.90, respectively) were lower than the values in Elend soil
(4.39–5.10 and 3.02–3.89, respectively). Nevertheless, base saturation values were
relatively high (>100) due to the low CEC and high content of exchangeable bases.
The field texture of the B2 and B/C horizons, described as LiC, demonstrated that the
silt fraction, not the humus, might be responsible for the high content of exchangeable bases in these soils. The humus properties of Guentersberg soil were similar to
those of the former two soils, except for the low RF 2 value (30–40).
Table 10.3 Mineral composition and content of exchangeable aluminum (cmol(+) kg
À1 soil) of
Oderteich, Elend, and Guentersberg (Revised from Watanabe et al. 2004)
Soil profile
Horizon
Clay mineral composition
Exchangeable
Al
Vt Ch Sm
Sm/
Vt
AlVt
Mc Kt Qz Fd
(cmol
(+) kg
À1 soil)
Oderteich
Ah
À À À
Æ
À
Æ
Æ +
Æ
7.95
E
À À ++ À
À
Æ
Æ +
Æ 11.06
Bs
Æ À À
À
++
Æ
Æ +
Æ 13.46
Bw
Elend
Ah
À À À
++
À
Æ
À +
Æ
8.11
E
À Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
+
Æ 10.88
B
À Æ À
À
+
Æ
À +
À
3.11
B/C
À Æ À
À
À
+
À +
À
3.56
Guentersberg Ah
Æ À +
+
À
Æ
À ++ Æ
5.31
B1
Æ Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
++ Æ
5.86
B2
Æ Æ À
À
À
Æ
+
++
+
Æ
3.53
B/C
2.58
Vt vermiculite, Ch chlorite, Sm smectite Sm/Vt interstratified smectite–vermiculite, Al-Vt hydroxyinterlayered vermiculite, Mc mica, Kt kaolinite, Qz quartz, Fd feldspars
10 Spatial Distribution of Sclerotia Grains in Low-pH Forest Soils, Central Germany
181