Tosoh Super ODS, Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile
and methanol (8:2, vol/vol) and the flow rate was 1.3 mL min
À1 . Ergosterol content
was determined by comparing peak areas of samples with those of an external
standard (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
10.1.3 Results and Discussion
10.1.3.1 Properties of Representative Soil Profiles
The properties of Oderteich, Elend, and Guentersberg soil profiles are shown in
Tables 10.1, 10.2, and 10.3.
Oderteich soil (Podsole): Ah/E/Bs/BC, Haplic Podzol—The basic mineralogical
properties of this soil were weathered mica, quartz, and feldspar derived from granite
bedrock. Characteristic layered silicates were not detected in the Ah horizon,
whereas the dominant clay minerals in the E and Bs horizons were determined to
be smectite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, respectively. The SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio
and the value of the Al o + ½ Fe o element composition obtained from total analysis
and selective dissolution analysis, respectively, defined the spodic horizon (Bs) in
this profile. The basic chemical properties of this profile were extremely low pH
values (pH (H 2 O) < 4, pH (KCl) < 3), relatively high CEC values due to the high
carbon content, and low base saturation (<50%). Humification degree, expressed by
RF values, was relatively low in each horizon except the E horizon, in which humic
acid was A-type for both free and combined HA. The melanic index (MI) was <1.7,
which confirmed the presence of A-type humic acid in the E horizon (Watanabe et al.
2004). The A-type humic acid in this horizon is likely due to the charcoal-like
particles observed under microscopy. Free HA predominated (>90%) throughout
the profile.
Elend soil (Braunfahlerde): Ah/E/B/BC, Albic Luvisol—The basic mineral composition of the Elend soil was characterized as chlorite, mica, quartz, and feldspar.
The Ah horizon was dominated by interstratified smectite-vermiculite layers. The
SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio of this profile was similar to that of the Oderteich soil, whereas the
contents of extractable Al, Fe, and Si were higher than those of the Oderteich soil.
The content of amorphous minerals (Si o ) was relatively high compared with the
other two profiles. The Al o + ½ Fe o values of the Ah and Bw1 horizons were 10.37
and 22.49, respectively. These values indicate the weak leaching process in this
profile compared with Oderteich soil. The high pH (NaF) values (>9.5) of the E and
B horizons indicated the influence of tephric materials. The pH (H 2 O, KCl) values,
content of exchangeable bases, and base saturation of the E horizon were slightly
higher than those of the Oderteich E horizon. The CEC and total carbon content of
the Elend E horizon were slightly lower than those of the Oderteich E horizon. The
humification degree of the Ah horizon was higher than that of Oderteich soil for both
free and combined HA. The free and combined HA were determined to be P and
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M. Watanabe and N. Sakagami
and methanol (8:2, vol/vol) and the flow rate was 1.3 mL min
À1 . Ergosterol content
was determined by comparing peak areas of samples with those of an external
standard (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
10.1.3 Results and Discussion
10.1.3.1 Properties of Representative Soil Profiles
The properties of Oderteich, Elend, and Guentersberg soil profiles are shown in
Tables 10.1, 10.2, and 10.3.
Oderteich soil (Podsole): Ah/E/Bs/BC, Haplic Podzol—The basic mineralogical
properties of this soil were weathered mica, quartz, and feldspar derived from granite
bedrock. Characteristic layered silicates were not detected in the Ah horizon,
whereas the dominant clay minerals in the E and Bs horizons were determined to
be smectite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, respectively. The SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio
and the value of the Al o + ½ Fe o element composition obtained from total analysis
and selective dissolution analysis, respectively, defined the spodic horizon (Bs) in
this profile. The basic chemical properties of this profile were extremely low pH
values (pH (H 2 O) < 4, pH (KCl) < 3), relatively high CEC values due to the high
carbon content, and low base saturation (<50%). Humification degree, expressed by
RF values, was relatively low in each horizon except the E horizon, in which humic
acid was A-type for both free and combined HA. The melanic index (MI) was <1.7,
which confirmed the presence of A-type humic acid in the E horizon (Watanabe et al.
2004). The A-type humic acid in this horizon is likely due to the charcoal-like
particles observed under microscopy. Free HA predominated (>90%) throughout
the profile.
Elend soil (Braunfahlerde): Ah/E/B/BC, Albic Luvisol—The basic mineral composition of the Elend soil was characterized as chlorite, mica, quartz, and feldspar.
The Ah horizon was dominated by interstratified smectite-vermiculite layers. The
SiO 2 /R 2 O 3 ratio of this profile was similar to that of the Oderteich soil, whereas the
contents of extractable Al, Fe, and Si were higher than those of the Oderteich soil.
The content of amorphous minerals (Si o ) was relatively high compared with the
other two profiles. The Al o + ½ Fe o values of the Ah and Bw1 horizons were 10.37
and 22.49, respectively. These values indicate the weak leaching process in this
profile compared with Oderteich soil. The high pH (NaF) values (>9.5) of the E and
B horizons indicated the influence of tephric materials. The pH (H 2 O, KCl) values,
content of exchangeable bases, and base saturation of the E horizon were slightly
higher than those of the Oderteich E horizon. The CEC and total carbon content of
the Elend E horizon were slightly lower than those of the Oderteich E horizon. The
humification degree of the Ah horizon was higher than that of Oderteich soil for both
free and combined HA. The free and combined HA were determined to be P and
178
M. Watanabe and N. Sakagami