FGc20p7 was also successful. Starting with 1.5 MMNm
3 /d
of G60, both goals—production of 0.62725 MMNm
3 /d of
20 mol% CO 2 FG and medium-pressure (P = 7 bar) permeate with excellent 90.404 mol% of CO 2 —were attained.
Naturally, the production of 20 mol% CO 2 FG of FGc20p7
is inferior to the counterpart of FGc40p20 with 40 mol%
CO 2 , but the former FG is of better quality comparatively to
the latter.
2.5 Remarks
Section 2 demonstrated the capabilities of software SPM2010
for simulating real MP flowsheets for the purification of CO 2 -
rich NG. SPM2010 models MP units as a set of HFM
co-current parallel modules using full thermodynamic modeling via appropriate equations of state (e.g., PR-EOS) for
permeate and retentate non-isothermal flows. Component
mass, energy, and momentum balances for multicomponent
axial compressible flow are solved simultaneously for both
permeate and retentate in order to predict MP separation,
temperature, and pressure axial distributions and respective
heat effects. Besides the MP units, several other peripheral
units are also available in SPM2010 with full thermodynamic
equilibrium modeling (e.g., flashes, M2F, S2F, compressors,
expanders, exchangers, membrane contactors, etc.).
SPM2010 can also be applied to different MP configurations
via calibration procedures. In the present case, the
HFM-based model of SPM2010 was previously calibrated
using real NG processing data of SWM cross-flow MP units
operating CO 2 removal from CO 2 -rich NG in offshore
oil-and-gas fields in Brazil.
MP2010 is also under continuous expansion in order to
install new developments to improve its capabilities for
simulation of MP units for CO 2 removal of CO 2 -rich natural
gas. Some examples of future expansions are the following:
(i) To adopt permeances that are functions of the local
retentate temperature; (ii) to adopt permeances that are
functions of the local retentate temperature and also of the
retentate fugacity of CO 2 in order to mimic membrane
plasticization effects caused by high CO 2 fugacity; (iii) to
install a distributed MP model for counter-current flows of
permeate and retentate using a boundary-value problem
framework.
3 HYSYS Implementation
of Membrane-Permeation Units
Concerning CO 2 -rich NG processing in offshore platforms,
membrane permeation is one of many steps of gas purification. Therefore, for simulation and assessments of such
complex processes comprising MP, specific membrane
models must be developed to be inserted in the simulator
1
2
L@hV@m2fG60
7bar, ? o C
L@hV@hV@m2fG60
7bar, ? o C
mL@hV@m2fG60
7bar,? o C
G60
53bar
55 o C
V@hV@m2fG60
≈ ≈52bar
? o C
hV@hV@
m2fG60
≈ ≈51.5bar
45 o C
V@hV@hV@m2fG60
≈ ≈51bar
? o C
20 HFM Modules
Module:10mx0.2m
20 HFM Modules
Module:10mx0.2m
m2fG60
53bar, 5 o C
5 o C
S2F
5 o C
M2F
Flash-Cooler
Q M2F kW
L@m2fG60
53bar, 5 o C
NGL
V@m2fG60
5 o C
hV@m2fG60
45 o C
53bar
MP PROCESS FGc20p7 FOR FUEL-GAS 20%CO2 FROM CO2-RICH NG
G60 with FLASH at 5 O C + MP with Permeate at P=7bar
Fig. 16 Process FGc20p7 for
G60: 20 mol% CO 2 FG with
permeate at P = 7 bar
160
J. L. de Medeiros et al.
3 /d
of G60, both goals—production of 0.62725 MMNm
3 /d of
20 mol% CO 2 FG and medium-pressure (P = 7 bar) permeate with excellent 90.404 mol% of CO 2 —were attained.
Naturally, the production of 20 mol% CO 2 FG of FGc20p7
is inferior to the counterpart of FGc40p20 with 40 mol%
CO 2 , but the former FG is of better quality comparatively to
the latter.
2.5 Remarks
Section 2 demonstrated the capabilities of software SPM2010
for simulating real MP flowsheets for the purification of CO 2 -
rich NG. SPM2010 models MP units as a set of HFM
co-current parallel modules using full thermodynamic modeling via appropriate equations of state (e.g., PR-EOS) for
permeate and retentate non-isothermal flows. Component
mass, energy, and momentum balances for multicomponent
axial compressible flow are solved simultaneously for both
permeate and retentate in order to predict MP separation,
temperature, and pressure axial distributions and respective
heat effects. Besides the MP units, several other peripheral
units are also available in SPM2010 with full thermodynamic
equilibrium modeling (e.g., flashes, M2F, S2F, compressors,
expanders, exchangers, membrane contactors, etc.).
SPM2010 can also be applied to different MP configurations
via calibration procedures. In the present case, the
HFM-based model of SPM2010 was previously calibrated
using real NG processing data of SWM cross-flow MP units
operating CO 2 removal from CO 2 -rich NG in offshore
oil-and-gas fields in Brazil.
MP2010 is also under continuous expansion in order to
install new developments to improve its capabilities for
simulation of MP units for CO 2 removal of CO 2 -rich natural
gas. Some examples of future expansions are the following:
(i) To adopt permeances that are functions of the local
retentate temperature; (ii) to adopt permeances that are
functions of the local retentate temperature and also of the
retentate fugacity of CO 2 in order to mimic membrane
plasticization effects caused by high CO 2 fugacity; (iii) to
install a distributed MP model for counter-current flows of
permeate and retentate using a boundary-value problem
framework.
3 HYSYS Implementation
of Membrane-Permeation Units
Concerning CO 2 -rich NG processing in offshore platforms,
membrane permeation is one of many steps of gas purification. Therefore, for simulation and assessments of such
complex processes comprising MP, specific membrane
models must be developed to be inserted in the simulator
1
2
L@hV@m2fG60
7bar, ? o C
L@hV@hV@m2fG60
7bar, ? o C
mL@hV@m2fG60
7bar,? o C
G60
53bar
55 o C
V@hV@m2fG60
≈ ≈52bar
? o C
hV@hV@
m2fG60
≈ ≈51.5bar
45 o C
V@hV@hV@m2fG60
≈ ≈51bar
? o C
20 HFM Modules
Module:10mx0.2m
20 HFM Modules
Module:10mx0.2m
m2fG60
53bar, 5 o C
5 o C
S2F
5 o C
M2F
Flash-Cooler
Q M2F kW
L@m2fG60
53bar, 5 o C
NGL
V@m2fG60
5 o C
hV@m2fG60
45 o C
53bar
MP PROCESS FGc20p7 FOR FUEL-GAS 20%CO2 FROM CO2-RICH NG
G60 with FLASH at 5 O C + MP with Permeate at P=7bar
Fig. 16 Process FGc20p7 for
G60: 20 mol% CO 2 FG with
permeate at P = 7 bar
160
J. L. de Medeiros et al.