76. Manikonda A, Zíková N, Hopke PK, Ferro AR
(2016) Laboratory assessment of low-cost PM monitors. J Aerosol Sci 102:29–40
77. Wang Y, Li J, Jing H, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Biswas
P (2015) Laboratory evaluation and calibration of
three low-cost particle sensors for particulate matter
measurement. Aerosol Sci Technol 49(11):1063–1077
78. Li J, Biswas P (2017) Optical characterization studies
of a low-cost particle sensor. Aerosol Air Qual Res
17(7):1691–1704
79. Baron R, Saffell J (2017) Amperometric gas sensors
as a low cost emerging technology platform for air
quality monitoring applications: a review. ACS Sens
2(11):1553–1566
80. Roberts TJ, Saffell JR, Oppenheimer C, Lurton
T (2014) Electrochemical sensors applied to pollution monitoring: measurement error and gas ratio
bias – a volcano plume case study. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 281:85–96
81. Yunusa Z, Hamidon MN, Kaiser A, Awang Z (2014)
Gas sensors: a review. [Online]. Available: https://www.
ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/23068515/2014/
00000168/00000004/art00009. Accessed 08 Mar
2019
82. Lee C, Akbar SA, Park CO (Dec. 2001) Potentiometric CO2 gas sensor with lithium phosphorous
oxynitride electrolyte. Sensors Actuators B Chem
80(3):234–242
83. Pang X, Shaw MD, Lewis AC, Carpenter LJ,
Batchellier T (Mar. 2017) Electrochemical ozone
sensors: a miniaturised alternative for ozone measurements in laboratory experiments and air-quality
monitoring. Sensors Actuators B Chem 240:829–837
84. Pang X, Shaw MD, Gillot S, Lewis AC (2018) The
impacts of water vapour and co-pollutants on the
performance of electrochemical gas sensors used for
air quality monitoring. Sensors Actuators B Chem
266:674–684
85. Popoola OAM, Stewart GB, Mead MI, Jones RL
(2016) Development of a baseline-temperature correction methodology for electrochemical sensors and
its implications for long-term stability. Atmos Environ 147:330–343
86. Kim J, Chu C, Shin S (2014) ISSAQ: an integrated
sensing systems for real-time indoor air quality monitoring. IEEE Sensors J 14(12):4230–4244
87. Cross ES et al (2017) Use of electrochemical sensors
for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements. Atmos
Meas Tech 10(9):3575–3588
88. Spinelle L, Gerboles M, Villani MG, Aleixandre M,
Bonavitacola F (2015) Field calibration of a cluster of
low-cost available sensors for air quality monitoring.
Part a: ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Sensors Actuators
B Chem 215:249–257
89. Lewis AC et al (2016) Evaluating the performance of
low cost chemical sensors for air pollution research.
Faraday Discuss 189(0):85–103
90. Jiao W et al (2016) Community Air Sensor Network
(CAIRSENSE) project: evaluation of low-cost sensor performance in a suburban environment in the
southeastern United States. Atmos Meas Tech 9(11):
5281–5292
91. Borrego C et al (2016) Assessment of air quality
microsensors versus reference methods: the
EuNetAir joint exercise. Atmos Environ 147:
246–263
92. Stetter JR, Li J (2008) Amperometric gas sensors a
review. Chem Rev 108(2):352–366
93. Lim S et al (2012) A comparative risk assessment of
burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk
factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions,
1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet 380(9859):
2224–2260
94. Carslaw DC, Rhys-Tyler G (2013) New insights from
comprehensive on-road measurements of NO x , NO 2
and NH 3 from vehicle emission remote sensing in
London, UK. Atmos Environ 81:339–347
95. Carslaw D, Beevers S, Tate J, Westmoreland E, Williams M (2011) Recent evidence concerning higher
NO x emissions from passenger cars and light duty
vehicles. Atmos Environ 45:7053–7063
96. Tsujita W, Yoshino A, Ishida H, Moriizumi T (2005)
Gas sensor network for air-pollution monitoring.
Sensors Actuators B Chem 110(2):304–311
97. Kularatna N, Sudantha BH (2008) An environmental
air pollution monitoring system based on the IEEE
1451 standard for low cost requirements. IEEE Sensors J 8(4):415–422
98. Abraham S, Li X (2014) A cost-effective wireless
sensor network system for indoor air quality monitoring applications. Procedia Comput Sci 34:
165–171
99. Albino V, Berardi U, Dangelico RM (2015) Smart
cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J Urban Technol 22(1):3–21
100. Penza M, Suriano D, Villani MG, Spinelle L,
Gerboles M (2014) Towards air quality indices in
smart cities by calibrated low-cost sensors applied
to networks. In: 2014 IEEE sensors, 2014,
pp 2012–2017
101. Ali H, Soe JK, Weller SR (2015) A real-time ambient
air quality monitoring wireless sensor network for
schools in smart cities. In: 2015 IEEE first international smart cities conference (ISC2), 2015,
Guadalajava, Mexico pp 1–6
102. Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi
M (2014) Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE
Internet Things J 1(1):22–32
103. Talari S, Shafie-khah M, Siano P, Loia V,
Tommasetti A, Catalão JPS (2017) A review of
smart cities based on the internet of things concept.
Energies 10(4):421
104. Rout CS, Ganesh K, Govindaraj A, Rao CNR
(2006) Sensors for the nitrogen oxides, NO 2 , NO
452
Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution
(2016) Laboratory assessment of low-cost PM monitors. J Aerosol Sci 102:29–40
77. Wang Y, Li J, Jing H, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Biswas
P (2015) Laboratory evaluation and calibration of
three low-cost particle sensors for particulate matter
measurement. Aerosol Sci Technol 49(11):1063–1077
78. Li J, Biswas P (2017) Optical characterization studies
of a low-cost particle sensor. Aerosol Air Qual Res
17(7):1691–1704
79. Baron R, Saffell J (2017) Amperometric gas sensors
as a low cost emerging technology platform for air
quality monitoring applications: a review. ACS Sens
2(11):1553–1566
80. Roberts TJ, Saffell JR, Oppenheimer C, Lurton
T (2014) Electrochemical sensors applied to pollution monitoring: measurement error and gas ratio
bias – a volcano plume case study. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 281:85–96
81. Yunusa Z, Hamidon MN, Kaiser A, Awang Z (2014)
Gas sensors: a review. [Online]. Available: https://www.
ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/23068515/2014/
00000168/00000004/art00009. Accessed 08 Mar
2019
82. Lee C, Akbar SA, Park CO (Dec. 2001) Potentiometric CO2 gas sensor with lithium phosphorous
oxynitride electrolyte. Sensors Actuators B Chem
80(3):234–242
83. Pang X, Shaw MD, Lewis AC, Carpenter LJ,
Batchellier T (Mar. 2017) Electrochemical ozone
sensors: a miniaturised alternative for ozone measurements in laboratory experiments and air-quality
monitoring. Sensors Actuators B Chem 240:829–837
84. Pang X, Shaw MD, Gillot S, Lewis AC (2018) The
impacts of water vapour and co-pollutants on the
performance of electrochemical gas sensors used for
air quality monitoring. Sensors Actuators B Chem
266:674–684
85. Popoola OAM, Stewart GB, Mead MI, Jones RL
(2016) Development of a baseline-temperature correction methodology for electrochemical sensors and
its implications for long-term stability. Atmos Environ 147:330–343
86. Kim J, Chu C, Shin S (2014) ISSAQ: an integrated
sensing systems for real-time indoor air quality monitoring. IEEE Sensors J 14(12):4230–4244
87. Cross ES et al (2017) Use of electrochemical sensors
for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements. Atmos
Meas Tech 10(9):3575–3588
88. Spinelle L, Gerboles M, Villani MG, Aleixandre M,
Bonavitacola F (2015) Field calibration of a cluster of
low-cost available sensors for air quality monitoring.
Part a: ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Sensors Actuators
B Chem 215:249–257
89. Lewis AC et al (2016) Evaluating the performance of
low cost chemical sensors for air pollution research.
Faraday Discuss 189(0):85–103
90. Jiao W et al (2016) Community Air Sensor Network
(CAIRSENSE) project: evaluation of low-cost sensor performance in a suburban environment in the
southeastern United States. Atmos Meas Tech 9(11):
5281–5292
91. Borrego C et al (2016) Assessment of air quality
microsensors versus reference methods: the
EuNetAir joint exercise. Atmos Environ 147:
246–263
92. Stetter JR, Li J (2008) Amperometric gas sensors a
review. Chem Rev 108(2):352–366
93. Lim S et al (2012) A comparative risk assessment of
burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk
factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions,
1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet 380(9859):
2224–2260
94. Carslaw DC, Rhys-Tyler G (2013) New insights from
comprehensive on-road measurements of NO x , NO 2
and NH 3 from vehicle emission remote sensing in
London, UK. Atmos Environ 81:339–347
95. Carslaw D, Beevers S, Tate J, Westmoreland E, Williams M (2011) Recent evidence concerning higher
NO x emissions from passenger cars and light duty
vehicles. Atmos Environ 45:7053–7063
96. Tsujita W, Yoshino A, Ishida H, Moriizumi T (2005)
Gas sensor network for air-pollution monitoring.
Sensors Actuators B Chem 110(2):304–311
97. Kularatna N, Sudantha BH (2008) An environmental
air pollution monitoring system based on the IEEE
1451 standard for low cost requirements. IEEE Sensors J 8(4):415–422
98. Abraham S, Li X (2014) A cost-effective wireless
sensor network system for indoor air quality monitoring applications. Procedia Comput Sci 34:
165–171
99. Albino V, Berardi U, Dangelico RM (2015) Smart
cities: definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. J Urban Technol 22(1):3–21
100. Penza M, Suriano D, Villani MG, Spinelle L,
Gerboles M (2014) Towards air quality indices in
smart cities by calibrated low-cost sensors applied
to networks. In: 2014 IEEE sensors, 2014,
pp 2012–2017
101. Ali H, Soe JK, Weller SR (2015) A real-time ambient
air quality monitoring wireless sensor network for
schools in smart cities. In: 2015 IEEE first international smart cities conference (ISC2), 2015,
Guadalajava, Mexico pp 1–6
102. Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi
M (2014) Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE
Internet Things J 1(1):22–32
103. Talari S, Shafie-khah M, Siano P, Loia V,
Tommasetti A, Catalão JPS (2017) A review of
smart cities based on the internet of things concept.
Energies 10(4):421
104. Rout CS, Ganesh K, Govindaraj A, Rao CNR
(2006) Sensors for the nitrogen oxides, NO 2 , NO
452
Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution