Airborne Nanoparticles:
Control and Detection
Mohsen Rezaei
1 and Matthew Stanley Johnson
1,2
1 Department of Chemistry, University of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Airlabs, Copenhagen, Denmark
Article Outline
Glossary
Definition
Introduction
Source and Health Effect of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle Control Technologies
Nanoparticle Filtration
Electrospun Nanofibers
Electrospinning Process
Performance of Electrospun Nanofibers
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Electrostatic Precipitation
ESP Performance
Thermophoresis
Particle Coagulation
Nanoparticle Detection
Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (APM)
Impaction
Optical Measurement
Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)
Particle Electrical Mobility
Particle Diffusion Mobility
Measurements of Nanoparticle Composition and
Morphology
Future Prospects
Bibliography
Glossary
Air pollution “is the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of any one or more substances in
quantities which are or may be harmful or
injurious to human health or welfare, animal
or plant life or property or unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment of life or property,
outdoor recreation” [1].
Aerosol is a solid or liquid particle suspended in
a gas. Such particles may be produced directly,
for example, from combustion or indirectly
from gas-to-particle conversion. The former is
primary aerosol and the latter secondary aerosol [2]. There are multiple processing mechanisms in the atmospheric including exchange
with the gas phase and coagulation.
Nanoparticle is a size category of aerosol particles with diameter between 1 and 100 nm [2].
Anthropogenic emissions include man-made
pollution from activities such as transportation,
cooking and heating, industry, and energy production, involving combustion of fossil fuel
and biomass. Human activities can be the
main primary source of airborne nanoparticles
both indoors and outdoors [3].
Filtration efficiency characterizes the performance of a filter or any process that can trap
particles passing through it. It can be determined
by measuring mass or number density of particles before and after filtration, for a specific
source or as a function of particle size [4].
Particle coagulation when there is a large number of concentrations of airborne particles, they
move by Brownian or turbulent diffusion;
thereby their collisions increase with each
other, resulting in sometimes aggregate clusters or a single new larger particle [1].
Nanoparticle characterization is a subfield of
atmospheric science and technology that uses
determinations of the physical and chemical
properties of nanoparticles to characterize
their behavior and impacts [5].
Impaction when a particle is large and dense, its
inertia will cause it to remain in the streamlines
to be collided with the object. This is called
impaction [1].
Light scattering scattering of light as a result of
collisions with particles called light
scattering [5].
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
M. E. Goodsite et al. (eds.), Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_1099
Originally published in
R. A. Meyers (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC,
part of Springer Nature 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1099-1
85
Control and Detection
Mohsen Rezaei
1 and Matthew Stanley Johnson
1,2
1 Department of Chemistry, University of
Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
2 Airlabs, Copenhagen, Denmark
Article Outline
Glossary
Definition
Introduction
Source and Health Effect of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle Control Technologies
Nanoparticle Filtration
Electrospun Nanofibers
Electrospinning Process
Performance of Electrospun Nanofibers
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Electrostatic Precipitation
ESP Performance
Thermophoresis
Particle Coagulation
Nanoparticle Detection
Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (APM)
Impaction
Optical Measurement
Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)
Particle Electrical Mobility
Particle Diffusion Mobility
Measurements of Nanoparticle Composition and
Morphology
Future Prospects
Bibliography
Glossary
Air pollution “is the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of any one or more substances in
quantities which are or may be harmful or
injurious to human health or welfare, animal
or plant life or property or unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment of life or property,
outdoor recreation” [1].
Aerosol is a solid or liquid particle suspended in
a gas. Such particles may be produced directly,
for example, from combustion or indirectly
from gas-to-particle conversion. The former is
primary aerosol and the latter secondary aerosol [2]. There are multiple processing mechanisms in the atmospheric including exchange
with the gas phase and coagulation.
Nanoparticle is a size category of aerosol particles with diameter between 1 and 100 nm [2].
Anthropogenic emissions include man-made
pollution from activities such as transportation,
cooking and heating, industry, and energy production, involving combustion of fossil fuel
and biomass. Human activities can be the
main primary source of airborne nanoparticles
both indoors and outdoors [3].
Filtration efficiency characterizes the performance of a filter or any process that can trap
particles passing through it. It can be determined
by measuring mass or number density of particles before and after filtration, for a specific
source or as a function of particle size [4].
Particle coagulation when there is a large number of concentrations of airborne particles, they
move by Brownian or turbulent diffusion;
thereby their collisions increase with each
other, resulting in sometimes aggregate clusters or a single new larger particle [1].
Nanoparticle characterization is a subfield of
atmospheric science and technology that uses
determinations of the physical and chemical
properties of nanoparticles to characterize
their behavior and impacts [5].
Impaction when a particle is large and dense, its
inertia will cause it to remain in the streamlines
to be collided with the object. This is called
impaction [1].
Light scattering scattering of light as a result of
collisions with particles called light
scattering [5].
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
M. E. Goodsite et al. (eds.), Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0596-7_1099
Originally published in
R. A. Meyers (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC,
part of Springer Nature 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1099-1
85