230 unifying physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma
11.3.1 Weak, strong and cool
Recall our discussion relating to the focusing in accelerators
that is needed to keep particle trajectories near the center.
The first accelerators had weak focusing with spatial periods
greater than the perimeter of the accelerator. The trajectories
of particles in a weak focusing accelerator had large transverse excursions, requiring extremely large vacuum chamber
apertures.
Strong focusing was suggested as a better way to focus
particles by involving the usage of a sequence of focusing–
defocusing elements. This example in itself may serve as an
illustration of the TRIZ inventive principle of system and antisystem.
Strong FODO focusing may
When strong focusing was suggested, it was not totally
illustrate TRIZ inventive clear if it would work in practice. The realization of the
principle system–antisystem. first strong focusing proton accelerator was led by Sir John
Adams, who had the courage to cancel (in October, 1952) the
already approved 10 GeV weak focusing accelerator for a totally innovative 25 GeV Proton Synchrotron.
The risk was worth it — in 1959, Sir John Adams announced that CERN’s Proton Synchrotron had just reached
24 GeV and had surpassed Dubna’s Synchrophasotron world
record of 10 GeV.
Another example of scientific risk-taking relates to the development of electron beam cooling (which was especially
necessary for antiparticles such as antiprotons). The method
was suggested by G.I. Budker, the founder and first director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk. Budker
was the mind behind many inventions in the field of physics,
including the concept of electron cooling.
However, when electron cooling was first proposed by
Budker, the general consensus from the scientific community
was “brilliant idea, but unfortunately non-realistic.” Luckily,
Novosibirsk scientists did not listen to these predictions and
successfully constructed the first e-cooler around 1974 and
have built many more since then.
There is one more parallel between these two stories. Sir
John Adams had a unique combination of scientific and engineering abilities, whereas Lev Landau once called Budker a
“relativistic engineer.” As it happens, the art of inventiveness
(TRIZ) originated from engineering.
11.3.2 Higgs, superconductivity and TRIZ
In the first chapter, we discussed the connection between the
TRIZ inventive principle of the nested doll (matreshka) and
Bryusov’s poem describing the world of an electron and particle detectors, which are arranged like a matreshka doll — a
system within another system.
The particle detectors are the devices that (in tandem
11.3.1 Weak, strong and cool
Recall our discussion relating to the focusing in accelerators
that is needed to keep particle trajectories near the center.
The first accelerators had weak focusing with spatial periods
greater than the perimeter of the accelerator. The trajectories
of particles in a weak focusing accelerator had large transverse excursions, requiring extremely large vacuum chamber
apertures.
Strong focusing was suggested as a better way to focus
particles by involving the usage of a sequence of focusing–
defocusing elements. This example in itself may serve as an
illustration of the TRIZ inventive principle of system and antisystem.
Strong FODO focusing may
When strong focusing was suggested, it was not totally
illustrate TRIZ inventive clear if it would work in practice. The realization of the
principle system–antisystem. first strong focusing proton accelerator was led by Sir John
Adams, who had the courage to cancel (in October, 1952) the
already approved 10 GeV weak focusing accelerator for a totally innovative 25 GeV Proton Synchrotron.
The risk was worth it — in 1959, Sir John Adams announced that CERN’s Proton Synchrotron had just reached
24 GeV and had surpassed Dubna’s Synchrophasotron world
record of 10 GeV.
Another example of scientific risk-taking relates to the development of electron beam cooling (which was especially
necessary for antiparticles such as antiprotons). The method
was suggested by G.I. Budker, the founder and first director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk. Budker
was the mind behind many inventions in the field of physics,
including the concept of electron cooling.
However, when electron cooling was first proposed by
Budker, the general consensus from the scientific community
was “brilliant idea, but unfortunately non-realistic.” Luckily,
Novosibirsk scientists did not listen to these predictions and
successfully constructed the first e-cooler around 1974 and
have built many more since then.
There is one more parallel between these two stories. Sir
John Adams had a unique combination of scientific and engineering abilities, whereas Lev Landau once called Budker a
“relativistic engineer.” As it happens, the art of inventiveness
(TRIZ) originated from engineering.
11.3.2 Higgs, superconductivity and TRIZ
In the first chapter, we discussed the connection between the
TRIZ inventive principle of the nested doll (matreshka) and
Bryusov’s poem describing the world of an electron and particle detectors, which are arranged like a matreshka doll — a
system within another system.
The particle detectors are the devices that (in tandem