Environmental Education in School as a Contributor …
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1.1 The Historical Heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
Cultural heritage consists of monuments, groups of buildings or sites that have exceptional and universal historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or
anthropological value (UNESCO 1972).
The Organic Law of the Municipality of Cabo Frio (OLMCF 2018) in its article
174, it guarantees the right to quality of life, the protection of the environment and
natural resources and the integrity of the city’s ecological, cultural and architectural
heritage, promoting the awareness of the population and the adequacy of education
in order to disseminate the principles and objectives of environmental protection.
In this sense, Brum (2015), Junior (2016) and Barbosa (2019), researchers who
worked in the municipality, highlight in their studies some of the various historical
heritage of the city of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil, for example, São Matheus Fort, built
in the seventeenth century in 1617, with reused material for the defence of the city;
Charitas, built in 1939/40, known as the “Wheel House” or “Wheel of the Exposed”,
which accommodated abandoned children and was later used for other purposes,
such as library, forum and school; Itajuru Fountain, the only source of water supply
until the mid-nineteenth century, of great value to the colonisers for the amount of
vessels; the church of São Bento, built by the slaves in 1701, scene of manifestations
of African culture and artisanal fishermen; and the Convent of Nossa Senhora dos
Anjos, constituted as a monastery of the priests of the Franciscan Order.
1.2 The Natural Heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
According to UNESCO (1972), the World Natural Heritage corresponds to physical, biological and geological formations, habitats of endangered animal and plant
species, and areas with exceptional and universal scientific, conservation or aesthetic
value. The same document reportsthat the degradation or disappearance of an artistic
and natural good results in the irreversible impoverishment of the heritage of all
peoples of the world.
The city of Cabo Frio also has an extensive natural heritage, such as Morro da
Guia, with panoramic views of the town, intensely researched by archaeologists
who preserve the memory of indigenous ancestors, through the so-called “grooved
stones”; the Black Dunes, recognised as “Sambaqui do Forte”, has become one of the
leading archaeological remains dating from prehistoric periods (Brum 2015; Junior
2016).
Another essential natural heritage is Araruama Lagoon, which stands out for
being the largest hypersaline lagoon in the world, however, due to the demographic
increase, its margins are under high anthropic pressure (Almeida et al. 2018; Bertucci
et al. 2016). Natural heritage acquires social dimensions throughout the historical
process, and its frequent use must be carried out with conscience and responsibility
(Pelegrini and Funari 2017).
543
1.1 The Historical Heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
Cultural heritage consists of monuments, groups of buildings or sites that have exceptional and universal historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological or
anthropological value (UNESCO 1972).
The Organic Law of the Municipality of Cabo Frio (OLMCF 2018) in its article
174, it guarantees the right to quality of life, the protection of the environment and
natural resources and the integrity of the city’s ecological, cultural and architectural
heritage, promoting the awareness of the population and the adequacy of education
in order to disseminate the principles and objectives of environmental protection.
In this sense, Brum (2015), Junior (2016) and Barbosa (2019), researchers who
worked in the municipality, highlight in their studies some of the various historical
heritage of the city of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil, for example, São Matheus Fort, built
in the seventeenth century in 1617, with reused material for the defence of the city;
Charitas, built in 1939/40, known as the “Wheel House” or “Wheel of the Exposed”,
which accommodated abandoned children and was later used for other purposes,
such as library, forum and school; Itajuru Fountain, the only source of water supply
until the mid-nineteenth century, of great value to the colonisers for the amount of
vessels; the church of São Bento, built by the slaves in 1701, scene of manifestations
of African culture and artisanal fishermen; and the Convent of Nossa Senhora dos
Anjos, constituted as a monastery of the priests of the Franciscan Order.
1.2 The Natural Heritage of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
According to UNESCO (1972), the World Natural Heritage corresponds to physical, biological and geological formations, habitats of endangered animal and plant
species, and areas with exceptional and universal scientific, conservation or aesthetic
value. The same document reportsthat the degradation or disappearance of an artistic
and natural good results in the irreversible impoverishment of the heritage of all
peoples of the world.
The city of Cabo Frio also has an extensive natural heritage, such as Morro da
Guia, with panoramic views of the town, intensely researched by archaeologists
who preserve the memory of indigenous ancestors, through the so-called “grooved
stones”; the Black Dunes, recognised as “Sambaqui do Forte”, has become one of the
leading archaeological remains dating from prehistoric periods (Brum 2015; Junior
2016).
Another essential natural heritage is Araruama Lagoon, which stands out for
being the largest hypersaline lagoon in the world, however, due to the demographic
increase, its margins are under high anthropic pressure (Almeida et al. 2018; Bertucci
et al. 2016). Natural heritage acquires social dimensions throughout the historical
process, and its frequent use must be carried out with conscience and responsibility
(Pelegrini and Funari 2017).