492
F. T. T. Ribas and J. Macke
Acknowledgements We wish to express our gratitude to all our participants that agreed to
contribute to our study and for the information, time, and collaboration provided. This work is
being supported by the Faculty of Serra Gaúcha (FSG), the University of Caxias do Sul (Universidade de Caxias do Sul—UCS), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq, scholarship
PQ 303915/2019-6), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel
(Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior—Capes).
References
Apgar JM, Allen W, Albert J, Douthwaite B, Paz Ybarnegaray R, Lunda J (2017) Getting beneath
the surface in program planning, monitoring and evaluation: learning from use of participatory
action research and theory of change in the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural
Systems. Act Res 15(1):15–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316673879
Bardin, L. Análise de Conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.
Bauer MW, Gaskell G (2017) Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático.
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis
Biggs R, Westley F, Carpenter S (2010) Navigating the back loop: fostering social innovation and
transformation in ecosystem management. Ecol Soc 15(2):9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/262
68153
Cajaiba-Santana G (2014) Social innovation: moving the field forward. A conceptual framework.
Technol Forecast Soc Change 82(C):42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.008
Caroli MG, Fracassi E, Maiolini R, Carnini Pulino S (2018) Exploring social innovation components
and attributes: a taxonomy proposal. J Soc Entrepreneur 9(2):94–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/
19420676.2018.1448296
Christensen CM, Baumann H, Ruggles R, Sadtler TM (2006) Disruptive innovation for social
change. Harvard Bus Rev 84(12):94–101
Cornwall A, Jewkes R (1995) What is participatory research? Soc Sci Med 41(12):1667–1676.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S
Defourny J, Nyssens M (2007). In: Nyssens M (ed) Social enterprise: at the crossroads of market,
public policies and civil society. Routledge, London, pp 1–27
Gaol FL, Napitupulu TA, Soeparno H, Trisetyarso A (2018) Learning framework in the industrial
age 4.0 in higher education. In: 2018 Indonesian association for pattern recognition international
conference (INAPR). IEEE, pp 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1109/INAPR.2018.8627039
Gerassi L, Edmond T, Nichols A (2017) Design strategies from sexual exploitation and sex work
studies among women and girls: methodological considerations in a hidden and vulnerable
population. Act Res 15(2):161–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316630387
Gibbs GR (2018) Analyzing qualitative data, vol 6. Sage, London
Hellström T (2004) Innovation as social action. Organization 11(5):631–649. https://doi.org/10.
1177/1350508404046454
Howaldt J, Schwarz M (2010) Social innovation: concepts, research fields and international trends.
In: Henning K, Hees F (eds) Studies for innovation in a modern working environment—International monitoring, vol 5. Eigenverlag, Aachen. https://www.sfs.tu-dortmund.de/cms/en/social_
innovation/publications/IMO-MAG_Howaldt_final_mit_cover.pdf
Kim M, Leu J (2011) The field of social entrepreneurship education: from the second wave of growth
to a third wave of innovation. In: Brock DD, Kim M (eds) Social entrepreneurship education
resource handbook. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872088
Leal Filho W (2020) Living labs for sustainable development: the role of the European school of
sustainability sciences and research. In: Leal Filho W et al (eds) Universities as living labs for
F. T. T. Ribas and J. Macke
Acknowledgements We wish to express our gratitude to all our participants that agreed to
contribute to our study and for the information, time, and collaboration provided. This work is
being supported by the Faculty of Serra Gaúcha (FSG), the University of Caxias do Sul (Universidade de Caxias do Sul—UCS), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq, scholarship
PQ 303915/2019-6), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel
(Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Pessoal de Nível Superior—Capes).
References
Apgar JM, Allen W, Albert J, Douthwaite B, Paz Ybarnegaray R, Lunda J (2017) Getting beneath
the surface in program planning, monitoring and evaluation: learning from use of participatory
action research and theory of change in the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural
Systems. Act Res 15(1):15–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316673879
Bardin, L. Análise de Conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.
Bauer MW, Gaskell G (2017) Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático.
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis
Biggs R, Westley F, Carpenter S (2010) Navigating the back loop: fostering social innovation and
transformation in ecosystem management. Ecol Soc 15(2):9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/262
68153
Cajaiba-Santana G (2014) Social innovation: moving the field forward. A conceptual framework.
Technol Forecast Soc Change 82(C):42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.008
Caroli MG, Fracassi E, Maiolini R, Carnini Pulino S (2018) Exploring social innovation components
and attributes: a taxonomy proposal. J Soc Entrepreneur 9(2):94–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/
19420676.2018.1448296
Christensen CM, Baumann H, Ruggles R, Sadtler TM (2006) Disruptive innovation for social
change. Harvard Bus Rev 84(12):94–101
Cornwall A, Jewkes R (1995) What is participatory research? Soc Sci Med 41(12):1667–1676.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S
Defourny J, Nyssens M (2007). In: Nyssens M (ed) Social enterprise: at the crossroads of market,
public policies and civil society. Routledge, London, pp 1–27
Gaol FL, Napitupulu TA, Soeparno H, Trisetyarso A (2018) Learning framework in the industrial
age 4.0 in higher education. In: 2018 Indonesian association for pattern recognition international
conference (INAPR). IEEE, pp 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1109/INAPR.2018.8627039
Gerassi L, Edmond T, Nichols A (2017) Design strategies from sexual exploitation and sex work
studies among women and girls: methodological considerations in a hidden and vulnerable
population. Act Res 15(2):161–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750316630387
Gibbs GR (2018) Analyzing qualitative data, vol 6. Sage, London
Hellström T (2004) Innovation as social action. Organization 11(5):631–649. https://doi.org/10.
1177/1350508404046454
Howaldt J, Schwarz M (2010) Social innovation: concepts, research fields and international trends.
In: Henning K, Hees F (eds) Studies for innovation in a modern working environment—International monitoring, vol 5. Eigenverlag, Aachen. https://www.sfs.tu-dortmund.de/cms/en/social_
innovation/publications/IMO-MAG_Howaldt_final_mit_cover.pdf
Kim M, Leu J (2011) The field of social entrepreneurship education: from the second wave of growth
to a third wave of innovation. In: Brock DD, Kim M (eds) Social entrepreneurship education
resource handbook. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1872088
Leal Filho W (2020) Living labs for sustainable development: the role of the European school of
sustainability sciences and research. In: Leal Filho W et al (eds) Universities as living labs for