Reverse Logistics System to Support the Lamp Circularity …
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implementation and control of the flow and storage of goods, services and information
from the point of origin to the point of consumption.
Lacerda (2002), on the other hand, states that the product’s life cycle cannot end
in delivery to the consumer. There must be a return to the point of origin, so that it is
properly disposed of, repaired or reused. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the
concept of reverse logistics, which is defined as the process of planning, operating and
controlling the flow of logistical information related to after-sale and post-consumer
goods to be reintegrated into the production cycle, for through reverse distribution
channels, adding economic and ecological values (Leite 2003, pp. 16–17).
For Shibao et al. (2010), reverse logistics became popular due to the companies’
interest in decreasing the environmental impact of the supply chain, through the reuse
and recycling of products, aiming to reduce environmental pollution and the waste of
inputs. Driven by consumers, the concern with the preservation of the environment
resulted in legal actions carried out by inspection agencies (Chaves and Batalha
2006).
The PNRS was approved for the purpose of managing solid waste environmentally. One of the main focuses addressed by the PNRS is reverse logistics, already
mandatory for some products, such as pesticide packaging, tires and batteries (Herbst
2017). Everyone’s share responsibility in the production chain is also defined in
PNRS, involving importers, manufacturers, distributors, traders and consumers. The
holders of public services for urban cleaning and solid waste management are also
responsible for minimizing the volume of solid waste, thus minimizing the impacts
caused to human health and environmental quality. Also noteworthy is the recovery of
solid waste discarded and collected through reverse logistics and the correct disposal
of waste (BRASIL 2010).
Lamps and electrical products are the mainly harmful ones that still do not have
the practice of structured reverse logistics, becoming a great challenge in the management of solid waste, since they are discarded in large concentrations. According to
Ferreira and Gonçalves (2016), the estimated number of fluorescent lamps discarded
in Brazil is 206 million annually.
2.2 Waste Lamps and Environmental Risks
For domestic use, there are five main types of lamps: compact fluorescent lamps,
tubular fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LED), halogen lamps and incandescent lamps. According to Zanicheli et al. (2004), they can be basically divided into
two groups, lamps that are not potentially dangerous for the environment and lamps
that are potentially dangerous for the environment. The difference between them is
in its composition: harmful ones have mercury in their composition, as is the case
with fluorescent lamps, while those that do not have mercury, such as incandescent
lamps and LEDs, are harmless to environment.
Incandescent lamps are basically composed of glass and metal, having no toxic
residues in their composition. According to Santos et al. (2015), this type of lamp
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implementation and control of the flow and storage of goods, services and information
from the point of origin to the point of consumption.
Lacerda (2002), on the other hand, states that the product’s life cycle cannot end
in delivery to the consumer. There must be a return to the point of origin, so that it is
properly disposed of, repaired or reused. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the
concept of reverse logistics, which is defined as the process of planning, operating and
controlling the flow of logistical information related to after-sale and post-consumer
goods to be reintegrated into the production cycle, for through reverse distribution
channels, adding economic and ecological values (Leite 2003, pp. 16–17).
For Shibao et al. (2010), reverse logistics became popular due to the companies’
interest in decreasing the environmental impact of the supply chain, through the reuse
and recycling of products, aiming to reduce environmental pollution and the waste of
inputs. Driven by consumers, the concern with the preservation of the environment
resulted in legal actions carried out by inspection agencies (Chaves and Batalha
2006).
The PNRS was approved for the purpose of managing solid waste environmentally. One of the main focuses addressed by the PNRS is reverse logistics, already
mandatory for some products, such as pesticide packaging, tires and batteries (Herbst
2017). Everyone’s share responsibility in the production chain is also defined in
PNRS, involving importers, manufacturers, distributors, traders and consumers. The
holders of public services for urban cleaning and solid waste management are also
responsible for minimizing the volume of solid waste, thus minimizing the impacts
caused to human health and environmental quality. Also noteworthy is the recovery of
solid waste discarded and collected through reverse logistics and the correct disposal
of waste (BRASIL 2010).
Lamps and electrical products are the mainly harmful ones that still do not have
the practice of structured reverse logistics, becoming a great challenge in the management of solid waste, since they are discarded in large concentrations. According to
Ferreira and Gonçalves (2016), the estimated number of fluorescent lamps discarded
in Brazil is 206 million annually.
2.2 Waste Lamps and Environmental Risks
For domestic use, there are five main types of lamps: compact fluorescent lamps,
tubular fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diodes (LED), halogen lamps and incandescent lamps. According to Zanicheli et al. (2004), they can be basically divided into
two groups, lamps that are not potentially dangerous for the environment and lamps
that are potentially dangerous for the environment. The difference between them is
in its composition: harmful ones have mercury in their composition, as is the case
with fluorescent lamps, while those that do not have mercury, such as incandescent
lamps and LEDs, are harmless to environment.
Incandescent lamps are basically composed of glass and metal, having no toxic
residues in their composition. According to Santos et al. (2015), this type of lamp