198
A. B. M. Assunção et al.
“is based on continuous and transparent dialogue with the local communities”, in
investment in social and environmental programs and projects, as well as management of socio-environmental aspects and prevention of impacts on the supply chain,
while also promoting the knowledge and commitment of workers. The participants
in this case study (selected non-randomly, and according to convenience) were aged
between 30 and 66 years old (mean of 43 years and standard deviation of 12.5),
most of them male (65.5%). The educational level of the sample is considered high
(all with high school education and 63% had at least higher education), and 45%
worked between 6 and 10 years in the company, 15% between 11 and 15 years, ten
between 20 and 25 years, 20% between 26 and 30 years, and ten worked for more
than 30 years in the company. Two-thirds work with operational functions, in full
or partial confinement, and 36% under administrative regime. The answers to the
tasks of free association were recorded, as well as the socio-professional questions
answered by the participants, in order to allow the description of the sample.
Participants were instructed to write “words or expressions that come to mind
when thinking of a socially responsible company”. Participants were encouraged
to issue as many responses as possible. No other instruction or direction was given
during the task. This approach serves to capture both the most transversal and longterm ideas associated with CSR. The collected data were then subjected to content
analysis (Bardin 1979; Krippendorff 1980). The 50 answers were analyzed in order
to allow the process of selecting the text segments to be further analyzed. Initially, an
emerging encoding technique was applied, that uses the to-be encoded data to create
an encoding scheme, based on the transcription and skimming of the given answers
(Bardin 1979).
After this analysis, we used as a thematic criterion the categories proposed by
the Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Scale (PCSR-Scale), a widespread
instrument developed to investigate the perception of stakeholders on the variety of
practices that companies might implement regarding socially responsible behaviors.
The scale factors in 28 items related to CSR practices and have been applied or
adapted to many different studies (Brammer et al. 2007; Valentine and Fleischman
2008; Turker 2009; Tziner et al. 2011; Duarte and Neves 2012; Singhapakdi et al.
2015). This is how the category system an analysis of structured content was set up
with semantically coherent sets of registration units, each having a specific code to
be applied during the encoding process.
Based on this, excerpts from the participants’ answers were grouped; sections of
the answers that referred to the same theme could be words, expressions or even entire
sentences—that is, there was no maximum size for a record unit. As a contextual
unit, the response of that particular participant was considered as a whole.
A. B. M. Assunção et al.
“is based on continuous and transparent dialogue with the local communities”, in
investment in social and environmental programs and projects, as well as management of socio-environmental aspects and prevention of impacts on the supply chain,
while also promoting the knowledge and commitment of workers. The participants
in this case study (selected non-randomly, and according to convenience) were aged
between 30 and 66 years old (mean of 43 years and standard deviation of 12.5),
most of them male (65.5%). The educational level of the sample is considered high
(all with high school education and 63% had at least higher education), and 45%
worked between 6 and 10 years in the company, 15% between 11 and 15 years, ten
between 20 and 25 years, 20% between 26 and 30 years, and ten worked for more
than 30 years in the company. Two-thirds work with operational functions, in full
or partial confinement, and 36% under administrative regime. The answers to the
tasks of free association were recorded, as well as the socio-professional questions
answered by the participants, in order to allow the description of the sample.
Participants were instructed to write “words or expressions that come to mind
when thinking of a socially responsible company”. Participants were encouraged
to issue as many responses as possible. No other instruction or direction was given
during the task. This approach serves to capture both the most transversal and longterm ideas associated with CSR. The collected data were then subjected to content
analysis (Bardin 1979; Krippendorff 1980). The 50 answers were analyzed in order
to allow the process of selecting the text segments to be further analyzed. Initially, an
emerging encoding technique was applied, that uses the to-be encoded data to create
an encoding scheme, based on the transcription and skimming of the given answers
(Bardin 1979).
After this analysis, we used as a thematic criterion the categories proposed by
the Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Scale (PCSR-Scale), a widespread
instrument developed to investigate the perception of stakeholders on the variety of
practices that companies might implement regarding socially responsible behaviors.
The scale factors in 28 items related to CSR practices and have been applied or
adapted to many different studies (Brammer et al. 2007; Valentine and Fleischman
2008; Turker 2009; Tziner et al. 2011; Duarte and Neves 2012; Singhapakdi et al.
2015). This is how the category system an analysis of structured content was set up
with semantically coherent sets of registration units, each having a specific code to
be applied during the encoding process.
Based on this, excerpts from the participants’ answers were grouped; sections of
the answers that referred to the same theme could be words, expressions or even entire
sentences—that is, there was no maximum size for a record unit. As a contextual
unit, the response of that particular participant was considered as a whole.