68
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Lin, J. C., A. W. Guy, and C. C. Johnson. 1973. Power deposition in a spherical model of man
exposed to 1-20 MHz EM fields. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech MTT 21:791–7.
Lin, J. C., C. L. Wu, and C. K. Lam. 1975. Transmission of electromagnetic pulse into the
head. Proc IEEE 63:1726–7.
Lin, J. C., P. Bernardi, S. Pisa, M. Cavagnaro, and E. Piuzzi. 2008. Antennas for biological
experiments. In Modern Antenna Handbook, ed. C. Balanis, pp. 1429–60. Hoboken,
NJ: Wiley.
Mason, P. A., W. D. Hurt, T. J. Walters, J. A. D’ Andrea, P. Gajsek, K. L. Ryan, D. A.
Nelson, K. I. Smith, and J. M. Ziriax. 2000. Effects of frequency, permittivity, and
voxel size on predicted specific absorption rate values in biological tissue during
electromagnetic-field exposure. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 48(11):2050–8.
Maxwell, J. C. 1904. Treatise on Electricity. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Martens, L., J. Moerloose, D. Zutter, J. Poorter, and C. Wagter. 1995. Calculation of the
electromagnetic fields induced in the head of an operator of a cordless telephone.
Radio Sci 30:283–90.
NCRP. 1981. Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields: Properties, Quantities and Units,
Biophysical Interaction, and Measurements, Report 67. National Council on
Radiation Protection and Measurements: Bethesda, MD.
NCRP. 1986. Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic
Fields, NCRP Report No. 86. National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurement: Bethesda, MD.
Nikita, K. S., M. Cavagnaro, P. Bernardi, N. K. Uzunoglu, S. Pisa, E. Piuzzi, J. N. Sahalos,
G. I. Krikelas, J. A. Vaul, P. S. Excell, G. Cerri, et al. 2000a. A study of uncertainties
in modeling antenna performance and power absorption in the head of a cellular
phone user. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 48:2676–85.
Pakhomov, A. G., Y. Akyel, O. N. Pakhomova, B. E. Stuck, and M. R. Murphy. 1998.
Current state and implications of research on biological effects of millimeter waves:
A review of the literature. Bioelectromagnetics 19:393–413.
Pisa, A., M. Cavagnaro, V. Lopresto, E. Piuzzi, G. A. Lovisolo, and P. Bernardi. 2005.
A procedure to develop realistic numerical models of cellular phones for an accurate
evaluation of SAR distribution in the human head. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory
Tech 53(4):1256–65.
Piuzzi, E., P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and J. C. Lin. 2011. Analysis of adult and
child exposure to uniform plane waves at mobile communication systems frequencies (900 MHz–3 GHz). IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 53:38–47.
Roschmann, P. 1991. Human auditory system response to pulsed radiofrequency energy
in RF coils for magnetic resonance at 2.4 to 179 MHz. Magn Reson Med 21:197–215.
Rowley, J. T., and R. B. Waterhouse. 1999. Performance of shorted patch antennas for
mobile communication handsets at 1800 MHz. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech
47:815–22.
Silver, S. 1949. Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schiavoni, A., P. Bertotto, G. Richiardi, and P. Bielli. 2000. SAR generated by commercial
cellular phones-phone modeling, head modeling, and measurements. IEEE Trans
Microwave Theory Tech 48:2064–71.
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Lin, J. C., A. W. Guy, and C. C. Johnson. 1973. Power deposition in a spherical model of man
exposed to 1-20 MHz EM fields. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech MTT 21:791–7.
Lin, J. C., C. L. Wu, and C. K. Lam. 1975. Transmission of electromagnetic pulse into the
head. Proc IEEE 63:1726–7.
Lin, J. C., P. Bernardi, S. Pisa, M. Cavagnaro, and E. Piuzzi. 2008. Antennas for biological
experiments. In Modern Antenna Handbook, ed. C. Balanis, pp. 1429–60. Hoboken,
NJ: Wiley.
Mason, P. A., W. D. Hurt, T. J. Walters, J. A. D’ Andrea, P. Gajsek, K. L. Ryan, D. A.
Nelson, K. I. Smith, and J. M. Ziriax. 2000. Effects of frequency, permittivity, and
voxel size on predicted specific absorption rate values in biological tissue during
electromagnetic-field exposure. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 48(11):2050–8.
Maxwell, J. C. 1904. Treatise on Electricity. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Martens, L., J. Moerloose, D. Zutter, J. Poorter, and C. Wagter. 1995. Calculation of the
electromagnetic fields induced in the head of an operator of a cordless telephone.
Radio Sci 30:283–90.
NCRP. 1981. Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields: Properties, Quantities and Units,
Biophysical Interaction, and Measurements, Report 67. National Council on
Radiation Protection and Measurements: Bethesda, MD.
NCRP. 1986. Biological Effects and Exposure Criteria for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic
Fields, NCRP Report No. 86. National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurement: Bethesda, MD.
Nikita, K. S., M. Cavagnaro, P. Bernardi, N. K. Uzunoglu, S. Pisa, E. Piuzzi, J. N. Sahalos,
G. I. Krikelas, J. A. Vaul, P. S. Excell, G. Cerri, et al. 2000a. A study of uncertainties
in modeling antenna performance and power absorption in the head of a cellular
phone user. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 48:2676–85.
Pakhomov, A. G., Y. Akyel, O. N. Pakhomova, B. E. Stuck, and M. R. Murphy. 1998.
Current state and implications of research on biological effects of millimeter waves:
A review of the literature. Bioelectromagnetics 19:393–413.
Pisa, A., M. Cavagnaro, V. Lopresto, E. Piuzzi, G. A. Lovisolo, and P. Bernardi. 2005.
A procedure to develop realistic numerical models of cellular phones for an accurate
evaluation of SAR distribution in the human head. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory
Tech 53(4):1256–65.
Piuzzi, E., P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and J. C. Lin. 2011. Analysis of adult and
child exposure to uniform plane waves at mobile communication systems frequencies (900 MHz–3 GHz). IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 53:38–47.
Roschmann, P. 1991. Human auditory system response to pulsed radiofrequency energy
in RF coils for magnetic resonance at 2.4 to 179 MHz. Magn Reson Med 21:197–215.
Rowley, J. T., and R. B. Waterhouse. 1999. Performance of shorted patch antennas for
mobile communication handsets at 1800 MHz. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech
47:815–22.
Silver, S. 1949. Electromagnetic Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schiavoni, A., P. Bertotto, G. Richiardi, and P. Bielli. 2000. SAR generated by commercial
cellular phones-phone modeling, head modeling, and measurements. IEEE Trans
Microwave Theory Tech 48:2064–71.