66
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Gandhi, O. P., B. Q. Gao, and J. Y. Chen. 1993. A frequency-dependent finite-difference
time-domain formulation for general dispersive media. IEEE Trans Microwave
Theory Tech 41(4):658–65.
Gandhi, O. P., G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse. 1996. Electromagnetic absorption in the human
head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. IEEE Trans Microwave
Theory Tech 44:1884–97.
Gandhi, O. P., G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, and Q. S. Yu. 1999. Comparison of numerical and
experimental methods for determination of SAR and radiation patterns of handheld
wireless telephones. Bioelectromagnetics 20(Suppl 4):S93–S101.
Gjonaj, E., M. Bartsch, M. Clemens, and S. Schupp. 2002. High-resolution human
anatomy models for advanced electromagnetic field computations. IEEE Trans
Magn 38:357–60.
Hadjem, A., D. Lautru, C. Dale, M. F. Wong, V. H. Hanna, and J. Wiart. 2005. Study of
specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in two child head models and in adult heads
using mobile phones. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53(1):4–11.
ICNIRP. 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and
electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 74(4):494–522.
IEC. 2010. Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures, IEC 62209-2 Ed. 1.0. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical
Commission.
IEEE. 2003. IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices:
Measurement Techniques, Standard 1528. New York, NY: IEEE.
IEEE. 2005. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio
628 Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard 629 C95.1.
New York, NY.
Jensen, M. A., and Y. Rahmat-Samii. 1995. EM interaction of handset antennas and a
human in personal communications. Proc IEEE 83:7–17.
Jordan, E. C., and K. G. Balmain. 1968. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.
New York: Prentice-Hall.
Kainz, W., A. Christ, T. Kellom, S. Seidman, N. Nikoloski, B. Beard, and N. Kuster. 2005.
Dosimetric comparison of the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) to 14
anatomical head models using a novel definition for the mobile phone positioning.
Phys Med Biol 50:3423–45.
Kaune, W. T., and R. D. Phillips. 1980. Comparison of the coupling of grounded humans,
swine, and rats to vertical, 60 Hz electric fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1:117–29.
Kunz, K. S., and R. J. Luebbers. 1993. The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for
Electromagnetics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kuster, N., and Q. Balzano.1992. Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the
near field of dipole antennas above 300 MHz. IEEE Trans Vehicular Tech 41:17–23.
Kuster, N., and Q. Balzano. 1997. Experimental and numerical dosimetry. In Mobile
Communications Safety, ed. N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, and J. C. Lin, 13–64. London,
UK: Chapman and Hall.
Leslie, G., and M. D. Farkas. 1981. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. New York: Elsevier.
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Gandhi, O. P., B. Q. Gao, and J. Y. Chen. 1993. A frequency-dependent finite-difference
time-domain formulation for general dispersive media. IEEE Trans Microwave
Theory Tech 41(4):658–65.
Gandhi, O. P., G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse. 1996. Electromagnetic absorption in the human
head and neck for mobile telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz. IEEE Trans Microwave
Theory Tech 44:1884–97.
Gandhi, O. P., G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, and Q. S. Yu. 1999. Comparison of numerical and
experimental methods for determination of SAR and radiation patterns of handheld
wireless telephones. Bioelectromagnetics 20(Suppl 4):S93–S101.
Gjonaj, E., M. Bartsch, M. Clemens, and S. Schupp. 2002. High-resolution human
anatomy models for advanced electromagnetic field computations. IEEE Trans
Magn 38:357–60.
Hadjem, A., D. Lautru, C. Dale, M. F. Wong, V. H. Hanna, and J. Wiart. 2005. Study of
specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in two child head models and in adult heads
using mobile phones. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53(1):4–11.
ICNIRP. 1998. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and
electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys 74(4):494–522.
IEC. 2010. Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures, IEC 62209-2 Ed. 1.0. Geneva, Switzerland: International Electrotechnical
Commission.
IEEE. 2003. IEEE Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial-Average Specific
Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices:
Measurement Techniques, Standard 1528. New York, NY: IEEE.
IEEE. 2005. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio
628 Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Standard 629 C95.1.
New York, NY.
Jensen, M. A., and Y. Rahmat-Samii. 1995. EM interaction of handset antennas and a
human in personal communications. Proc IEEE 83:7–17.
Jordan, E. C., and K. G. Balmain. 1968. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.
New York: Prentice-Hall.
Kainz, W., A. Christ, T. Kellom, S. Seidman, N. Nikoloski, B. Beard, and N. Kuster. 2005.
Dosimetric comparison of the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) to 14
anatomical head models using a novel definition for the mobile phone positioning.
Phys Med Biol 50:3423–45.
Kaune, W. T., and R. D. Phillips. 1980. Comparison of the coupling of grounded humans,
swine, and rats to vertical, 60 Hz electric fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1:117–29.
Kunz, K. S., and R. J. Luebbers. 1993. The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for
Electromagnetics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kuster, N., and Q. Balzano.1992. Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the
near field of dipole antennas above 300 MHz. IEEE Trans Vehicular Tech 41:17–23.
Kuster, N., and Q. Balzano. 1997. Experimental and numerical dosimetry. In Mobile
Communications Safety, ed. N. Kuster, Q. Balzano, and J. C. Lin, 13–64. London,
UK: Chapman and Hall.
Leslie, G., and M. D. Farkas. 1981. Anthropometry of the Head and Face. New York: Elsevier.