Molecular chaperones
Terahertz: 40 min
Thermal: 40 min
Transcriptional
regulators
Structural
cytoskeleton
Microarray: log
2 (treatment/sham)
12
8
4
0
12
8
4
0 HSPA1A HSPA6 DNAJB1 DNAJB4 HSPH1 HSPB1
EGR1
EGR4
FOS ACTA1 COL1A1 DLGAP1
croarray: log
2 (treatment/sham)
Apoptosis
Growth arrest
Cytokines
Metabolism
6
BAG3
BCL6 CARD14
GADD45GIP1
GADD45B GADD45G
oxidative stress
4
2
0
IL26
IL5
ALDH3A1 ALDH2
APOE
−2
6
4
2
0
−2
409
Terahertz Radiation
expression profile when exposed to THz radiation. In order to examine this concept
in a comprehensive manner, we conducted an in vitro experiment where Jurkat cells
were exposed to either THz radiation or a bulk heating (i.e., hyperthermic stress)
protocol for 40 minutes. IR thermographic techniques were employed to ensure that
both protocols had identical thermal profiles (ΔT = 6°C). In contrast to our previous studies where we selected a few hundred genes to examine postexposure, in these
experiments we conducted a full genetic analysis for the exposed cells. To do this, we
conducted gene expression profiling using the most recently released DNA microarray
gene chips. DNA microarrays are powerful technologies because they can provide a
high throughput and detailed view of the entire genome and transcriptome. In these
experiments, we used GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays, the latest
gene-chip array that provides the most comprehensive coverage of all genes in the
human genome. This particular genome array permits analysis on over 47,000 transcripts and variants, including more than 38,000 well-characterized human genes.
Figure 7.23 contains a comparison of gene expression profiles for 24 genes expressed
Mi
Figure 7.23 Comparison of microarray gene expression profiles for Jurkat cells exposed to
THz radiation (2.52 THz, 636 mW cm –2 , 40 minutes) and thermal stress (44°C for 40 minutes).
Both exposure groups exhibited identical temperature–time dosimetric profiles (temperature
increases of 6.0°C).
Terahertz: 40 min
Thermal: 40 min
Transcriptional
regulators
Structural
cytoskeleton
Microarray: log
2 (treatment/sham)
12
8
4
0
12
8
4
0 HSPA1A HSPA6 DNAJB1 DNAJB4 HSPH1 HSPB1
EGR1
EGR4
FOS ACTA1 COL1A1 DLGAP1
croarray: log
2 (treatment/sham)
Apoptosis
Growth arrest
Cytokines
Metabolism
6
BAG3
BCL6 CARD14
GADD45GIP1
GADD45B GADD45G
oxidative stress
4
2
0
IL26
IL5
ALDH3A1 ALDH2
APOE
−2
6
4
2
0
−2
409
Terahertz Radiation
expression profile when exposed to THz radiation. In order to examine this concept
in a comprehensive manner, we conducted an in vitro experiment where Jurkat cells
were exposed to either THz radiation or a bulk heating (i.e., hyperthermic stress)
protocol for 40 minutes. IR thermographic techniques were employed to ensure that
both protocols had identical thermal profiles (ΔT = 6°C). In contrast to our previous studies where we selected a few hundred genes to examine postexposure, in these
experiments we conducted a full genetic analysis for the exposed cells. To do this, we
conducted gene expression profiling using the most recently released DNA microarray
gene chips. DNA microarrays are powerful technologies because they can provide a
high throughput and detailed view of the entire genome and transcriptome. In these
experiments, we used GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays, the latest
gene-chip array that provides the most comprehensive coverage of all genes in the
human genome. This particular genome array permits analysis on over 47,000 transcripts and variants, including more than 38,000 well-characterized human genes.
Figure 7.23 contains a comparison of gene expression profiles for 24 genes expressed
Mi
Figure 7.23 Comparison of microarray gene expression profiles for Jurkat cells exposed to
THz radiation (2.52 THz, 636 mW cm –2 , 40 minutes) and thermal stress (44°C for 40 minutes).
Both exposure groups exhibited identical temperature–time dosimetric profiles (temperature
increases of 6.0°C).