appealing alternative for the not so distant future because of helpful effects from the
innovation (Klein et al. 2018).
1.5 Classification of Biodiesel
Quality norms for delivering, showcasing, and putting away of biofuel are being
created and actualized to keep up the end-product quality. An assessment of biodiesel norms was presented in Table 1.4. The EU and US standards were outlined below
(Hassan and Abul Kalam 2013; Gouveia et al. 2017; Ciftci and Temelli 2014).
Fig. 1.4 Factors affecting the selection of algae species in biofuel production (Taparia et al. 2016)
Table 1.4 The physicochemical properties and standard
specification for biodiesel
(Hassan and Abul Kalam
2013)
Properties (units)
USA
ASTM D6751
EU
E 14214
Flash point (
C)
130
120
Viscosity at 40
C (cSt)
1.9–6
3.5–5
Cetane number (min)
47
51
Cloud point (
C)
–
–
Oxidation stability (h)
3
6
Acid number
0.5 max
0.50
Phosphorus (% mass)
Max. 0.001
Max. 0.001
10
Z. Shahi and M. Khajeh Mehrizi