2 2
o o
1 1 o o
1 1
2 2
3 3
14 14
The The standard standard model model of of cosmology cosmology
Figure Figure 1.2 1.2 . . 68%, 68%, 90%, 90%, 95%, 95%, and and 99% 99% confidence confidence regions regions for!lm for!lm and and !lA. !lA.
a a cosmological cosmological constant, constant, we we get get
qO qO = = !!lm !!lm -!lA -!lA
( ( 1.90) 1.90)
where!lm where!lm == == Pm/Pc Pm/Pc is is the the matter matter contribution contribution and and !lA !lA == == Pvec/Pc Pvec/Pc = = A A e etf/3HJ. tf/3HJ.
As As noted noted previously, previously, a a negative negative value value of of qO, qO, corresponding corresponding to to an an accelerating accelerating
universe, universe, can can only only arise arise with with a a positive positive cosmological cosmological constant. constant. The The data data shown shown in in
figures figures 1.1 1.1 and and 1.2 1.2 taken taken from from [2] [2] suggest suggest that that this this is is indeed indeed the the case. case.
The The determination determination of of !lm !lm and and !lA !lA requires requires at at least least one one further further input. input. The The
recent recent data data on on the the temperature temperature anisotropies anisotropies of of the the cosmic cosmic microwave microwave background background
provide provide just just such such a a constraint. constraint. Photons Photons originating originating at at the the 'last 'last scattering scattering surface', surface',
when when matter matter and and radiation radiation decouple decouple (see (see section section I. I. 10), 10), having having a a redshift redshift z z ..... .....
1300, 1300, are are seen seen now now as as the the microwave microwave background. background. Quantum Quantum fluctuations fluctuations in in
the the early early universe universe give give rise rise to to fluctuations fluctuations in in the the energy energy density density of of the the radiation radiation
and and these these appear appear as as temperature temperature fluctuations fluctuations in in the the microwave microwave background background (see (see
section section 7.7). 7.7). These These fluctuations fluctuations may may be be analyzed analyzed by by multipole multipole moments, moments, labelled labelled
o o
1 1 o o
1 1
2 2
3 3
14 14
The The standard standard model model of of cosmology cosmology
Figure Figure 1.2 1.2 . . 68%, 68%, 90%, 90%, 95%, 95%, and and 99% 99% confidence confidence regions regions for!lm for!lm and and !lA. !lA.
a a cosmological cosmological constant, constant, we we get get
qO qO = = !!lm !!lm -!lA -!lA
( ( 1.90) 1.90)
where!lm where!lm == == Pm/Pc Pm/Pc is is the the matter matter contribution contribution and and !lA !lA == == Pvec/Pc Pvec/Pc = = A A e etf/3HJ. tf/3HJ.
As As noted noted previously, previously, a a negative negative value value of of qO, qO, corresponding corresponding to to an an accelerating accelerating
universe, universe, can can only only arise arise with with a a positive positive cosmological cosmological constant. constant. The The data data shown shown in in
figures figures 1.1 1.1 and and 1.2 1.2 taken taken from from [2] [2] suggest suggest that that this this is is indeed indeed the the case. case.
The The determination determination of of !lm !lm and and !lA !lA requires requires at at least least one one further further input. input. The The
recent recent data data on on the the temperature temperature anisotropies anisotropies of of the the cosmic cosmic microwave microwave background background
provide provide just just such such a a constraint. constraint. Photons Photons originating originating at at the the 'last 'last scattering scattering surface', surface',
when when matter matter and and radiation radiation decouple decouple (see (see section section I. I. 10), 10), having having a a redshift redshift z z ..... .....
1300, 1300, are are seen seen now now as as the the microwave microwave background. background. Quantum Quantum fluctuations fluctuations in in
the the early early universe universe give give rise rise to to fluctuations fluctuations in in the the energy energy density density of of the the radiation radiation
and and these these appear appear as as temperature temperature fluctuations fluctuations in in the the microwave microwave background background (see (see
section section 7.7). 7.7). These These fluctuations fluctuations may may be be analyzed analyzed by by multipole multipole moments, moments, labelled labelled