Index
503
Three-jet events
in e
+ e
− annihilation, 97–103
in ¯
pp collisions, 95–97
Time reversal
symmetry in QCD, 84
Top quark, 419–420
virtual, effect of, 413–414, 419–420
Transition temperature
ferromagnetic, 214
superconducting, 261, 263
superfluid, 203
Transverse mass, 399
Two-jet events
in e
+ e
− annihilation, definition of,
103–106
in ¯
pp collisions, 88–95
U gauges, 274, 276, 278, 380, 474–475
U(1), 24–25, 27–28, 35, 40, 51, 66, 203,
212, 217, 229, 231, 264, 275,
380
problem, 232
U(1) f , 231
U(1) f5 , 34, 231–232
Unitarity
relation, 62
triangle, in CP violation, 320–322
plot of constraints on, 323, 345
violation
in current-current models, 368–
369
due to explicit fermion mass, 401–
403
due to unphysical degrees of freedom, 62–67
and ghosts, 68–69
in IVB model, 371–373
in scattering of longitudinal W’s,
371–373
Universality
of coupling strengths, in a gauge theory, 47
in physics of phase transitions, 180
and renormalizable effective theory,
181
in weak interactions, 255, 296–297,
304, 308, 367
Vacuum
alignment, 235
analogous to many-body ground
state, 199
expectation value (vev), 208, 210–
211, 218, 230
not invariant under symmetry, 196
and spontaneous symmetry breaking, 197–199, 208, 215, 218, 230
Vacuum polarization, 125, 170
Vector
axial, 288
polar, 288
Vector boson fusion, 426
Vector particle
massive, 255–259
propagator, 256, 475
massless, 259
propagator, 259, 274, 474
Vertex
four-gluon, 474
four-W, 477
four-X, 59–60
Higgs-fermion, 403–404, 408–409,
478
Higgs self-coupling, 479
Higgs-vector boson, 478–479
isospinor-W, 46
lepton-W, 382–384, 476
lepton-Z, 385, 476
quark-gluon, 53, 474
three-gluon, 474
three-W, 477
three-X, 55, 59–60
X-X-γ, 58-5-9
X-X-γ-γ, 58–59
V-A theory, 237, 288–292
and chirality and helicity, 288–292
Vortex, superconducting, 268
Ward identity, 131
W-boson, 54, 275–278, 371–377, 379, 393–
401
charge asymmetry in decay of, 394,
400–401
decay width, 388, 399
discovery, 395–401
mass, 381, 388, 397–399, 410
radiatively corrected, 400, 412
tree-level, 388
503
Three-jet events
in e
+ e
− annihilation, 97–103
in ¯
pp collisions, 95–97
Time reversal
symmetry in QCD, 84
Top quark, 419–420
virtual, effect of, 413–414, 419–420
Transition temperature
ferromagnetic, 214
superconducting, 261, 263
superfluid, 203
Transverse mass, 399
Two-jet events
in e
+ e
− annihilation, definition of,
103–106
in ¯
pp collisions, 88–95
U gauges, 274, 276, 278, 380, 474–475
U(1), 24–25, 27–28, 35, 40, 51, 66, 203,
212, 217, 229, 231, 264, 275,
380
problem, 232
U(1) f , 231
U(1) f5 , 34, 231–232
Unitarity
relation, 62
triangle, in CP violation, 320–322
plot of constraints on, 323, 345
violation
in current-current models, 368–
369
due to explicit fermion mass, 401–
403
due to unphysical degrees of freedom, 62–67
and ghosts, 68–69
in IVB model, 371–373
in scattering of longitudinal W’s,
371–373
Universality
of coupling strengths, in a gauge theory, 47
in physics of phase transitions, 180
and renormalizable effective theory,
181
in weak interactions, 255, 296–297,
304, 308, 367
Vacuum
alignment, 235
analogous to many-body ground
state, 199
expectation value (vev), 208, 210–
211, 218, 230
not invariant under symmetry, 196
and spontaneous symmetry breaking, 197–199, 208, 215, 218, 230
Vacuum polarization, 125, 170
Vector
axial, 288
polar, 288
Vector boson fusion, 426
Vector particle
massive, 255–259
propagator, 256, 475
massless, 259
propagator, 259, 274, 474
Vertex
four-gluon, 474
four-W, 477
four-X, 59–60
Higgs-fermion, 403–404, 408–409,
478
Higgs self-coupling, 479
Higgs-vector boson, 478–479
isospinor-W, 46
lepton-W, 382–384, 476
lepton-Z, 385, 476
quark-gluon, 53, 474
three-gluon, 474
three-W, 477
three-X, 55, 59–60
X-X-γ, 58-5-9
X-X-γ-γ, 58–59
V-A theory, 237, 288–292
and chirality and helicity, 288–292
Vortex, superconducting, 268
Ward identity, 131
W-boson, 54, 275–278, 371–377, 379, 393–
401
charge asymmetry in decay of, 394,
400–401
decay width, 388, 399
discovery, 395–401
mass, 381, 388, 397–399, 410
radiatively corrected, 400, 412
tree-level, 388