494
Index
Charge
chiral, in SU(2) f5 , 36, 232
independence of nuclear forces, 5,
13
multiplets, in nuclear physics, 12–14
quantization of, 47
Charge-conjugation symmetry
conserved in QCD, 84
in SU(2), 16, 404
violated in weak interactions, 292
Charged current process, 298
Chiral anomaly, see Anomaly, chiral
Chiral perturbation theory, 187, 245–248
and meson mass relations, 247–248
and pion-pion scattering, 245–246
and quark masses, 248
Chiral symmetry breaking, see Symmetry, chiral, breaking
Chirality, 32, 230
for antifermions, 32
current, 33
operator, 34
projection operators, 33, 233, 289
CKM matrix, 236, 319–323, 329, 409–410
CP-violating phase in, 319
plot of constraints on, 323, 345
unitarity of, 320–321
Wolfenstein parametrization of, 321–
322
Coarse graining, 174–175
Coherence length, in a superconductor,
225, 268
Collinear divergence, 101–102, 104, 140
Colour, 4
degree of freedom, 74–77
factor, 107, 109–111
and π
0 → γγ, 77, 252
singlet, 75
as an SU(3) group, 78–80
Complex conjugate representation
in SU(2), 15–16
in SU(3), 20–21
Compton cross section, virtual, 138
Condensate, 204, 220, 222, 229, 261
chiral, 229, 246
Nambu, 229–230
monopole, 271
superconductor, 220, 222, 261
superfluid, 203–205
Confinement, 4, 74, 78, 186
Connection
curved space, 457–458
gauge, 459
Cooper pair, 220, 261, 270
Correlation length, 172
Covariant derivative, 41–47, 158
and coordinate transformations, 453–
459
in lattice field theory, 158–159
in SU(2), 40–47
in SU(3), 49–50, 83
in SU(2) × U(1), 275, 382
in U(1), 41
CP problem, strong, 86
CP symmetry, 292
CP violation, 292, 410
angle α(φ2), 322, 340–345
angle β(φ1), 322, 338–340
angle γ(φ3), 322, 331–335, 343
in B meson oscillations, 335–345
in D decays, 349–350
direct, in B decays, 330–335
in K decays, 345–349
in neutrino oscillations, 353, 364
not possible with two SM generations, 317–319
parameters ∊ and ∊
′ , 348–349
possible with three SM generations,
319
Critical exponent, 132, 179
Critical point, 172
and fixed point of renormalization
group transformation, 176–177
Critical temperature, 202
Cross section for
e
+ +e
− → hadrons in parton model,
73–74
QCD corrections, 113–115, 128–
130
e
+ + e
− → μμ ¯ or τ τ ¯, 390–392
ν + N → μ + X, 308–313
ν ¯ + N → μ ¯ + X, 308–313
ν ¯e + e
− → ν ¯e + e
− , 390
νμ + e
− → μ
− + νe, 298–302, 326–
327, 389
νμ + e
− → νμ + e
− , 389
νμ + N → μ
− + X, 308
νμ + p → μ
− + X, 327–328
Index
Charge
chiral, in SU(2) f5 , 36, 232
independence of nuclear forces, 5,
13
multiplets, in nuclear physics, 12–14
quantization of, 47
Charge-conjugation symmetry
conserved in QCD, 84
in SU(2), 16, 404
violated in weak interactions, 292
Charged current process, 298
Chiral anomaly, see Anomaly, chiral
Chiral perturbation theory, 187, 245–248
and meson mass relations, 247–248
and pion-pion scattering, 245–246
and quark masses, 248
Chiral symmetry breaking, see Symmetry, chiral, breaking
Chirality, 32, 230
for antifermions, 32
current, 33
operator, 34
projection operators, 33, 233, 289
CKM matrix, 236, 319–323, 329, 409–410
CP-violating phase in, 319
plot of constraints on, 323, 345
unitarity of, 320–321
Wolfenstein parametrization of, 321–
322
Coarse graining, 174–175
Coherence length, in a superconductor,
225, 268
Collinear divergence, 101–102, 104, 140
Colour, 4
degree of freedom, 74–77
factor, 107, 109–111
and π
0 → γγ, 77, 252
singlet, 75
as an SU(3) group, 78–80
Complex conjugate representation
in SU(2), 15–16
in SU(3), 20–21
Compton cross section, virtual, 138
Condensate, 204, 220, 222, 229, 261
chiral, 229, 246
Nambu, 229–230
monopole, 271
superconductor, 220, 222, 261
superfluid, 203–205
Confinement, 4, 74, 78, 186
Connection
curved space, 457–458
gauge, 459
Cooper pair, 220, 261, 270
Correlation length, 172
Covariant derivative, 41–47, 158
and coordinate transformations, 453–
459
in lattice field theory, 158–159
in SU(2), 40–47
in SU(3), 49–50, 83
in SU(2) × U(1), 275, 382
in U(1), 41
CP problem, strong, 86
CP symmetry, 292
CP violation, 292, 410
angle α(φ2), 322, 340–345
angle β(φ1), 322, 338–340
angle γ(φ3), 322, 331–335, 343
in B meson oscillations, 335–345
in D decays, 349–350
direct, in B decays, 330–335
in K decays, 345–349
in neutrino oscillations, 353, 364
not possible with two SM generations, 317–319
parameters ∊ and ∊
′ , 348–349
possible with three SM generations,
319
Critical exponent, 132, 179
Critical point, 172
and fixed point of renormalization
group transformation, 176–177
Critical temperature, 202
Cross section for
e
+ +e
− → hadrons in parton model,
73–74
QCD corrections, 113–115, 128–
130
e
+ + e
− → μμ ¯ or τ τ ¯, 390–392
ν + N → μ + X, 308–313
ν ¯ + N → μ ¯ + X, 308–313
ν ¯e + e
− → ν ¯e + e
− , 390
νμ + e
− → μ
− + νe, 298–302, 326–
327, 389
νμ + e
− → νμ + e
− , 389
νμ + N → μ
− + X, 308
νμ + p → μ
− + X, 327–328