68
4 Life Cycle Assessment: Nice to Have or Essential …
and eutrophication. This relies on the collaboration between the footprint community—which is ever-expanding but fragmented and the LCA community—which is
sophisticated but more fossilized because its members stick to standards by ISO,
EPA, EC, and more.
References
Borucke M, Moore D, Cranston G, Gracey K, Iha K, Larson J, Lazarus E, Morales JC, Wackernagel
M, Galli A (2013) Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere’s regenerative capacity:
the national footprint accounts’ underlying methodology and framework. Ecol Ind 24:518–533
Boulay AM, Hoekstra AY, Vionnet S (2013) Complementarities of water-focused life cycle
assessment and water footprint assessment. Environ Sci Technol 47:11926–11927
Chomkhamsri K, Pelletier N (2011) Analysis of existing environmental footprint methodologies for
products and organizations: recommendations, rationale, and alignment. European Commission,
Joint Research Centre and Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. https://ec.eur
opa.eu/environment/eussd/pdf/Deliverable.pdf.
Cullen JM, Allwood JM (2009) The role of washing machines in life cycle assessment studies. J
Ind Ecol 13:27–37
Cusack DF, Axsen J, Shwom R, Hartzell-Nichols L, White S, Mackey KRM (2014) An
interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies. Front Ecol Environ 12:280–287
EC (European Commission) (2015a) Organization environmental footprint (PEF). https://ec.eur
opa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/organisation_footprint.htm
EC (European Commission) (2015b) Product environmental footprint (PEF). https://ec.europa.eu/
environment/eussd/smgp/product_footprint.htm.
Guinée JB, Heijungs R (1995) A proposal for the definition of resource equivalency factors for use
in product life-cycle assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 14:917–925
Hammond G (2007) Time to give due weight to the “carbon footprint” issue. Nature 445:256–256
Hauschild MZ, Goedkoop M, Guinée J, Heijungs R, Huijbregts M, Jolliet O, Margni M, De
Schryver A, Humbert S, Laurent A, Sala S, Pant R (2013) Identifying best existing practice for
characterization modeling in life cycle impact assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18:683–697
Hellweg S, Milà i Canals L (2014) Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle
assessment. Science 344:1109–1113
Hertwich EG, Peters GP (2009) Carbon footprint of nations: A global, trade-linked analysis. Environ
Sci Technol 43:6414–6420
Lenzen M, Murray J, Sack F, Wiedmann T (2007) Shared producer and consumer responsibility—
theory and practice. Ecol Econ 61:27–42
Marland G, Buchholz T, Kowalczyk T (2013) Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions: the context
and stakeholders matter. J Ind Ecol 17:340–342
Ridoutt BG, Pfister S (2013) Towards an integrated family of footprint indicators. J Ind Ecol 17:337–
339
Schoer K, Weinzettel J, Kovanda J, Giegrich J, Lauwigi C (2012) Raw material consumption of the
European Union—Concept, calculation method, and results. Environ Sci Technol 46:8903–8909
Van Oers L, De Koning A, Guinée JB, Huppes G (2002) Abiotic resource depletion in LCA.
Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, Ministry of Transport and Water, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Wiedmann TO, Schandl H, Lenzen M, Moran D, Suh S, West J, Kanemoto K (2015) The material
footprint of nations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:6271–6276
4 Life Cycle Assessment: Nice to Have or Essential …
and eutrophication. This relies on the collaboration between the footprint community—which is ever-expanding but fragmented and the LCA community—which is
sophisticated but more fossilized because its members stick to standards by ISO,
EPA, EC, and more.
References
Borucke M, Moore D, Cranston G, Gracey K, Iha K, Larson J, Lazarus E, Morales JC, Wackernagel
M, Galli A (2013) Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere’s regenerative capacity:
the national footprint accounts’ underlying methodology and framework. Ecol Ind 24:518–533
Boulay AM, Hoekstra AY, Vionnet S (2013) Complementarities of water-focused life cycle
assessment and water footprint assessment. Environ Sci Technol 47:11926–11927
Chomkhamsri K, Pelletier N (2011) Analysis of existing environmental footprint methodologies for
products and organizations: recommendations, rationale, and alignment. European Commission,
Joint Research Centre and Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. https://ec.eur
opa.eu/environment/eussd/pdf/Deliverable.pdf.
Cullen JM, Allwood JM (2009) The role of washing machines in life cycle assessment studies. J
Ind Ecol 13:27–37
Cusack DF, Axsen J, Shwom R, Hartzell-Nichols L, White S, Mackey KRM (2014) An
interdisciplinary assessment of climate engineering strategies. Front Ecol Environ 12:280–287
EC (European Commission) (2015a) Organization environmental footprint (PEF). https://ec.eur
opa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/organisation_footprint.htm
EC (European Commission) (2015b) Product environmental footprint (PEF). https://ec.europa.eu/
environment/eussd/smgp/product_footprint.htm.
Guinée JB, Heijungs R (1995) A proposal for the definition of resource equivalency factors for use
in product life-cycle assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 14:917–925
Hammond G (2007) Time to give due weight to the “carbon footprint” issue. Nature 445:256–256
Hauschild MZ, Goedkoop M, Guinée J, Heijungs R, Huijbregts M, Jolliet O, Margni M, De
Schryver A, Humbert S, Laurent A, Sala S, Pant R (2013) Identifying best existing practice for
characterization modeling in life cycle impact assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18:683–697
Hellweg S, Milà i Canals L (2014) Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle
assessment. Science 344:1109–1113
Hertwich EG, Peters GP (2009) Carbon footprint of nations: A global, trade-linked analysis. Environ
Sci Technol 43:6414–6420
Lenzen M, Murray J, Sack F, Wiedmann T (2007) Shared producer and consumer responsibility—
theory and practice. Ecol Econ 61:27–42
Marland G, Buchholz T, Kowalczyk T (2013) Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions: the context
and stakeholders matter. J Ind Ecol 17:340–342
Ridoutt BG, Pfister S (2013) Towards an integrated family of footprint indicators. J Ind Ecol 17:337–
339
Schoer K, Weinzettel J, Kovanda J, Giegrich J, Lauwigi C (2012) Raw material consumption of the
European Union—Concept, calculation method, and results. Environ Sci Technol 46:8903–8909
Van Oers L, De Koning A, Guinée JB, Huppes G (2002) Abiotic resource depletion in LCA.
Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, Ministry of Transport and Water, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
Wiedmann TO, Schandl H, Lenzen M, Moran D, Suh S, West J, Kanemoto K (2015) The material
footprint of nations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:6271–6276