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6 Benchmarking the Carbon, Water and Land Footprints …
R² = 0.8622
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
log (ESR)
log (GDP/capita)
(a)
Carbon emissions Water use Land use
R² = 0.5329
R² = 0.6157
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
log (ESR)
log (PD)
(c)
Carbon emissions Water use Land use
R² = 0.9571
R² = 0.5958
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
log (ESR)
log (RWRs/capita)
(b)
Carbon emissions
Water use
Land use
Fig. 6.4 Correlations between log(ESR) and (a) log(GDP/capita), (b) log(RWR/capita), and (c)
log(PD). R 2 is the coefficient of determination (the square of the correlation coefficient). Lines with
a non-significant correlation (p > 0.05) are not shown