458
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
the retention of genetically differentiated water reservoirs in Poland provide the
basis for the development of scenarios for the use, protection and reclamation
of standing inland waters in other areas of the world, especially in the temperate
climate zone.
4. It is necessary to improve the organization of irrigation and drainage in
Polish agriculture; water management and supervision over this management;
improve the knowledge and skills of water management entities and increase
the financial resources for maintenance of water melioration facilities and
construction of new ones. Modernization of irrigation/drainage systems should
take into account experience and forecasts of conditions in which they will
operate. Modernization should take into account technical progress, economic
conditions, management system and environmental protection requirements.
5. The quality of water in Polish rivers requires further improvement in the
field of physicochemical elements, including mainly biogenic and biological
compounds. An analysis of the spatial variability of the quality of river water
resources has indicated regions where the water quality of water bodies is potentially threatened. The deepening water deficit associated with the observed
climate change highlights the need to protect waters against point and areal
pollution. This is important due to the retention of water that is planned in
the governmental Retention Development Programme. In the case of rivers
loaded with nutrients, retention may accelerate the eutrophication rate of newly
established water reservoirs.
6. Regarding water quality in the main dam water reservoirs in Poland is possible
to state that almost half of the dam reservoirs in Poland have good ecological
status and good chemical status. Good water quality is mostly in dam reservoirs
located in the Carpathians, in upper sections of rivers. In reservoirs that supply
potable water, the aim should be to develop continuous monitoring of physical
and chemical parameters of water, which would give new possibilities for proper
interpretation of the values obtained and improve the speed of response to
threats, as well as opens new perspectives for better assessment of water quality.
7. Mathematical models for the simulation of water quality and ecosystems of
lakes and reservoirs were continuously developed and used widely over the
last decades proving their usefulness in studies of processes occurring in water
bodies and in assessments of impacts. Models are more and more often required
by decision-makers in procedures related to water management. That is a general
trend, evident also in Poland.
8. It is clear that wastewater management in cities and recreation centers around
lakes should be regulated and controlled. A balanced vegetation band should
be created as a barrier that limits nutrient migration to lakes. It is advisable to
take reclamation measures to reduce the “internal” supply of nutrients by inactivating them in bottom sediments. Determining the activity in the catchment area,
protecting the lakes and determining the method of their reclamation will allow
to properly develop the concept of protecting the waters of the West Pomeranian
Lake District. In the long term, conservation measures should lead to immediate
measures eliminating or reducing the size of local pollution sources.
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
the retention of genetically differentiated water reservoirs in Poland provide the
basis for the development of scenarios for the use, protection and reclamation
of standing inland waters in other areas of the world, especially in the temperate
climate zone.
4. It is necessary to improve the organization of irrigation and drainage in
Polish agriculture; water management and supervision over this management;
improve the knowledge and skills of water management entities and increase
the financial resources for maintenance of water melioration facilities and
construction of new ones. Modernization of irrigation/drainage systems should
take into account experience and forecasts of conditions in which they will
operate. Modernization should take into account technical progress, economic
conditions, management system and environmental protection requirements.
5. The quality of water in Polish rivers requires further improvement in the
field of physicochemical elements, including mainly biogenic and biological
compounds. An analysis of the spatial variability of the quality of river water
resources has indicated regions where the water quality of water bodies is potentially threatened. The deepening water deficit associated with the observed
climate change highlights the need to protect waters against point and areal
pollution. This is important due to the retention of water that is planned in
the governmental Retention Development Programme. In the case of rivers
loaded with nutrients, retention may accelerate the eutrophication rate of newly
established water reservoirs.
6. Regarding water quality in the main dam water reservoirs in Poland is possible
to state that almost half of the dam reservoirs in Poland have good ecological
status and good chemical status. Good water quality is mostly in dam reservoirs
located in the Carpathians, in upper sections of rivers. In reservoirs that supply
potable water, the aim should be to develop continuous monitoring of physical
and chemical parameters of water, which would give new possibilities for proper
interpretation of the values obtained and improve the speed of response to
threats, as well as opens new perspectives for better assessment of water quality.
7. Mathematical models for the simulation of water quality and ecosystems of
lakes and reservoirs were continuously developed and used widely over the
last decades proving their usefulness in studies of processes occurring in water
bodies and in assessments of impacts. Models are more and more often required
by decision-makers in procedures related to water management. That is a general
trend, evident also in Poland.
8. It is clear that wastewater management in cities and recreation centers around
lakes should be regulated and controlled. A balanced vegetation band should
be created as a barrier that limits nutrient migration to lakes. It is advisable to
take reclamation measures to reduce the “internal” supply of nutrients by inactivating them in bottom sediments. Determining the activity in the catchment area,
protecting the lakes and determining the method of their reclamation will allow
to properly develop the concept of protecting the waters of the West Pomeranian
Lake District. In the long term, conservation measures should lead to immediate
measures eliminating or reducing the size of local pollution sources.