16 The State of Water and Sewage …
395
16.9 Recommendation
This chapter describes the state of water and wastewater management in Poland in
the years 1999–2015. Based on the analysis, areas in Poland have been identified
in which the water and sewerage infrastructure requires significant improvement.
Lack of financing or small expenditure on investments related to water management
indicate areas that require state aid in financing water and sewage management. It
also shows which elements of the policy have contributed to the development of
water and wastewater management.
References
1. Kim MS, Park SW, Jang NJ, Kwak DH (2016) Statistical Analysis of Water Infrastructure
Characteristics: case Study of Saemangeum Watershed. Water Resour 43(1):58–65. https://
doi.org/10.1134/S0097807816120071
2. Lee K-H (2016) Korea has no water scarcity! Water Resour 43(3):579–582. https://doi.org/10.
1134/S0097807816030088
3. McDonald RI, Weber K, Padowski J, Martina Flörke M, Schneider Ch, Green PA, Gleeson T,
Eckman S, Lehner B, Balk D, Boucher T, Grill G, Mark Montgomery M (2014) Water on an
urban planet: urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure. Glob Environ Change
27:96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
4. Hu P, Chen N, Li Y, Qiwei Xie Q (2018) Efficiency evaluation of water consumption in a
Chinese Province-level region based on data envelopment analysis. Water 10(6):793. https://
doi.org/10.3390/w10060793
5. Bower KM (2014) Water supply and sanitation of Costa Rica. Environ Earth Sci 71:107–123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2416-x
6. Radoni´ c L (2019) Re-conceptualising water conservation: rainwater harvesting in the desert of
the Southwestern United States. Water Altern 12(2):699–714
7. Danilov-Danilyan VI, Demin AP, Pryazhinskaya VG, Pokidysheva IV (2015) Markets of water
and water management services in the world and the Russian Federation: Part II. Water Resour
42(3):378–388. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807815030033
8. Venkatachalam L (2015) Informal water markets and willingness to pay for water: a case study
of the urban poor in Chennai City, India. Int J Water Resour Dev 31(1):134–145. https://doi.
org/10.1080/07900627.2014.920680
9. Katz D (2016) Undermining demand management with supply management: moral Hazard in
Israeli water policies. Water 8:159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040159
10. Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK (2007) Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a
function of their consumption pattern. Water Resour Manage 21:35–48. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11269-006-9039-x
11. Mansur ET, Olmstead SM (2012) The value of scarce water: measuring the inefficiency of
municipal regulations. J Urban Econ 71:332–346
12. Soto Rios PC, Deen TA, Nagabathla N, Ayala G (2018) Explaining water pricing through a
water security lens. Water 10:1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091173
13. Heino O, Takala A (2015) Social norms in water services: exploring the fair price of water.
Water Altern 8(1):844–858
14. Clere J (2016) True Cost of Water: monetization of water risks, shared value creation, and local
acceptability of extractive projects. Field Actions Science Reports. 14. http://journals.opened
ition.org/factsreports/4069
395
16.9 Recommendation
This chapter describes the state of water and wastewater management in Poland in
the years 1999–2015. Based on the analysis, areas in Poland have been identified
in which the water and sewerage infrastructure requires significant improvement.
Lack of financing or small expenditure on investments related to water management
indicate areas that require state aid in financing water and sewage management. It
also shows which elements of the policy have contributed to the development of
water and wastewater management.
References
1. Kim MS, Park SW, Jang NJ, Kwak DH (2016) Statistical Analysis of Water Infrastructure
Characteristics: case Study of Saemangeum Watershed. Water Resour 43(1):58–65. https://
doi.org/10.1134/S0097807816120071
2. Lee K-H (2016) Korea has no water scarcity! Water Resour 43(3):579–582. https://doi.org/10.
1134/S0097807816030088
3. McDonald RI, Weber K, Padowski J, Martina Flörke M, Schneider Ch, Green PA, Gleeson T,
Eckman S, Lehner B, Balk D, Boucher T, Grill G, Mark Montgomery M (2014) Water on an
urban planet: urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure. Glob Environ Change
27:96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
4. Hu P, Chen N, Li Y, Qiwei Xie Q (2018) Efficiency evaluation of water consumption in a
Chinese Province-level region based on data envelopment analysis. Water 10(6):793. https://
doi.org/10.3390/w10060793
5. Bower KM (2014) Water supply and sanitation of Costa Rica. Environ Earth Sci 71:107–123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2416-x
6. Radoni´ c L (2019) Re-conceptualising water conservation: rainwater harvesting in the desert of
the Southwestern United States. Water Altern 12(2):699–714
7. Danilov-Danilyan VI, Demin AP, Pryazhinskaya VG, Pokidysheva IV (2015) Markets of water
and water management services in the world and the Russian Federation: Part II. Water Resour
42(3):378–388. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807815030033
8. Venkatachalam L (2015) Informal water markets and willingness to pay for water: a case study
of the urban poor in Chennai City, India. Int J Water Resour Dev 31(1):134–145. https://doi.
org/10.1080/07900627.2014.920680
9. Katz D (2016) Undermining demand management with supply management: moral Hazard in
Israeli water policies. Water 8:159. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040159
10. Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK (2007) Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a
function of their consumption pattern. Water Resour Manage 21:35–48. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11269-006-9039-x
11. Mansur ET, Olmstead SM (2012) The value of scarce water: measuring the inefficiency of
municipal regulations. J Urban Econ 71:332–346
12. Soto Rios PC, Deen TA, Nagabathla N, Ayala G (2018) Explaining water pricing through a
water security lens. Water 10:1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091173
13. Heino O, Takala A (2015) Social norms in water services: exploring the fair price of water.
Water Altern 8(1):844–858
14. Clere J (2016) True Cost of Water: monetization of water risks, shared value creation, and local
acceptability of extractive projects. Field Actions Science Reports. 14. http://journals.opened
ition.org/factsreports/4069