14 Surface Water Eutrophication in Poland: Assessment and Prevention
343
14.5 Conclusion
Currently, the significant successes have been achieved in the field of the abatement
of anthropogenic eutrophication, but only in some directions. In general, the problem
of biogenic loads reduction discharged with municipal wastewaters has been mainly
solved. But the methods of elimination of negative impact of diffuse sources, especially, from agricultural land, are developing very slowly and are still at the margins
of interest in existing protection strategies. It should be stated that the solution of
the priority problem of eutrophication abatement requires, above all, a comprehensive approach. It becomes clear that one-sided approach, such as development and
implementation of expensive wastewater treatment technologies, without taking into
account other sources of nutrients does not give the desired result. The solution of
this problem requires the systematic approach to the development and implementation of comprehensive technical, technological, organizational and legal measures
covering the whole catchment and all sources of biogenic matter discharge.
However the basis for the development of protective measures directed to achievement and maintaining the good status of surface waters is the reliable information on
their actual trophic state. This information can be obtained within properly organized
system of monitoring based on appropriate methods of trophic status assessment.
References
1. Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters
against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
2. Dziennik Ustaw Nr 115 poz. 1229 Ustawa z dn. 18 grudnia 1991 dotycz ochrony wód przed
zanieczyszczeniami powodowanymi przed azotany pochodzenia rolniczego (91/676/EWG)
3. Dojlido J (1995) Chemia wód powierzchniowych. Wydawnictwo Ekonomia i ´
Srodowisko
4. Nixon S (1995) Coastal marine eutrophication:a definitione, social cuses and future concerns.
OPHELIA 41, s. 199–219
5. Hutchinson GA (1967) Tretise on limnology. V.2. Introduction to lake biology and the
limnoplankton, 2nd edn. New York
6. Rossolimo LL (1977) Izmienienie limniczeskich ekosystem pod wozdiejstwiem antropogennogo faktora. Izd. „Nauka”, Moskwa
7. Neverova-Dziopak E (2010) Podstawy zarz˛ adzania procesem eutrofizacji antropogenicznej.
Wydawnictwa AGH, Kraków
8. Ansari AA, Gill SS, Khan FA (2011) Eutrophication: threat to aquatic environment eutrophication: causes, consequences and control. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., ISBN 97890-481-9624-1, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-90-481-9625-8_7
9. Odum EP (1971) Fundamentals of ecology, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
London and Toronto
10. Kajak Z (1979) Eutrofizacja jezior. PWN, Warszawa
11. Lund JW (1989) Phytoplankton. In: Eutrophication: causes, sequences, corrective. Proceedings
of the symposium, Washington, pp 173–181
12. Neverova-Dziopak E (2007) Ekologiczne aspekty ochrony wód powierzchniowych. Monografia, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, Rzeszow
13. Sirenko LA, Gawrilenko VJ (1978) Cwietienie wody i ewtrofirowanie. Naukowa dumka, Kijev
14. North American Lake management Society (2001) Managing lakes and reservoirs. Third edition
343
14.5 Conclusion
Currently, the significant successes have been achieved in the field of the abatement
of anthropogenic eutrophication, but only in some directions. In general, the problem
of biogenic loads reduction discharged with municipal wastewaters has been mainly
solved. But the methods of elimination of negative impact of diffuse sources, especially, from agricultural land, are developing very slowly and are still at the margins
of interest in existing protection strategies. It should be stated that the solution of
the priority problem of eutrophication abatement requires, above all, a comprehensive approach. It becomes clear that one-sided approach, such as development and
implementation of expensive wastewater treatment technologies, without taking into
account other sources of nutrients does not give the desired result. The solution of
this problem requires the systematic approach to the development and implementation of comprehensive technical, technological, organizational and legal measures
covering the whole catchment and all sources of biogenic matter discharge.
However the basis for the development of protective measures directed to achievement and maintaining the good status of surface waters is the reliable information on
their actual trophic state. This information can be obtained within properly organized
system of monitoring based on appropriate methods of trophic status assessment.
References
1. Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters
against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
2. Dziennik Ustaw Nr 115 poz. 1229 Ustawa z dn. 18 grudnia 1991 dotycz ochrony wód przed
zanieczyszczeniami powodowanymi przed azotany pochodzenia rolniczego (91/676/EWG)
3. Dojlido J (1995) Chemia wód powierzchniowych. Wydawnictwo Ekonomia i ´
Srodowisko
4. Nixon S (1995) Coastal marine eutrophication:a definitione, social cuses and future concerns.
OPHELIA 41, s. 199–219
5. Hutchinson GA (1967) Tretise on limnology. V.2. Introduction to lake biology and the
limnoplankton, 2nd edn. New York
6. Rossolimo LL (1977) Izmienienie limniczeskich ekosystem pod wozdiejstwiem antropogennogo faktora. Izd. „Nauka”, Moskwa
7. Neverova-Dziopak E (2010) Podstawy zarz˛ adzania procesem eutrofizacji antropogenicznej.
Wydawnictwa AGH, Kraków
8. Ansari AA, Gill SS, Khan FA (2011) Eutrophication: threat to aquatic environment eutrophication: causes, consequences and control. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., ISBN 97890-481-9624-1, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-90-481-9625-8_7
9. Odum EP (1971) Fundamentals of ecology, 3rd edn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
London and Toronto
10. Kajak Z (1979) Eutrofizacja jezior. PWN, Warszawa
11. Lund JW (1989) Phytoplankton. In: Eutrophication: causes, sequences, corrective. Proceedings
of the symposium, Washington, pp 173–181
12. Neverova-Dziopak E (2007) Ekologiczne aspekty ochrony wód powierzchniowych. Monografia, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, Rzeszow
13. Sirenko LA, Gawrilenko VJ (1978) Cwietienie wody i ewtrofirowanie. Naukowa dumka, Kijev
14. North American Lake management Society (2001) Managing lakes and reservoirs. Third edition