13 Environmental and Anthropogenic Determinants of Water Chemistry …
313
load of Cl
− and K
+ in streams downstream of popular tourist towns such as Ustrzyki
Górne, Wołosate and Wetlina [55]. The impact of tourism on stream water quality
was also documented by Smoro´ n and Twardy [76] as well as Smoro´ n et al. [77] in
the region of Podhale. Concentrations of NO 3
− , PO 4
3− and Na
+ in the waters of
the Biały Dunajec River draining a catchment with a very large number of tourists
are much smaller than those in the waters of the Czarny Dunajec and Białka rivers
draining catchments with much smaller tourist volumes.
Tourist lodges represent a major threat to water quality in the Carpathians via their
frequent release of wastewater into local streams. This is shown by studies conducted
in Tatra National Park by Siwek and Biernacki [78, 79]. Wastewater releases by three
lodges in Tatra National Park in the years 2008–2009 were found to cause major
changes in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in streams
affected by these releases. Wastewater is released into Sucha Woda Stream from the
Murowaniec Lodge. The same is true of wastewater from the Polana Chochołowska
Lodge, which releases into the local Chochołowski Stream. Both streams experience
large increases in the concentration of NH 4
+ and PO 4
3− (Fig. 13.9). The greatest
effect of wastewater release into these streams on the concentration of these ions
occurs at low water stages. The concentration of NH 4
+ in stream water downstream
of the wastewater release point was about 200 times larger than the concentration
upstream of the release point, while PO 4
3− concentrations were roughly 30 times
higher. The concentration of NO 3
− in Roztoka Stream increased markedly following
the release of untreated wastewater from the Lodge in the Valley of Five Polish Ponds.
Stream water pollution caused by wastewater releases from tourist lodges has been
a key problem in Tatra National Park for a number of years. In 2009 the wastewater
Fig. 13.9 Statistical characteristics of NH 4
+ and PO 4
3− concentrations of stream water upstream
(U) and downstream (D) from the discharge point of wastewater produced by tourist lodges in the
Tatra National Park (after Siwek and Biernacki [79], changed)
313
load of Cl
− and K
+ in streams downstream of popular tourist towns such as Ustrzyki
Górne, Wołosate and Wetlina [55]. The impact of tourism on stream water quality
was also documented by Smoro´ n and Twardy [76] as well as Smoro´ n et al. [77] in
the region of Podhale. Concentrations of NO 3
− , PO 4
3− and Na
+ in the waters of
the Biały Dunajec River draining a catchment with a very large number of tourists
are much smaller than those in the waters of the Czarny Dunajec and Białka rivers
draining catchments with much smaller tourist volumes.
Tourist lodges represent a major threat to water quality in the Carpathians via their
frequent release of wastewater into local streams. This is shown by studies conducted
in Tatra National Park by Siwek and Biernacki [78, 79]. Wastewater releases by three
lodges in Tatra National Park in the years 2008–2009 were found to cause major
changes in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in streams
affected by these releases. Wastewater is released into Sucha Woda Stream from the
Murowaniec Lodge. The same is true of wastewater from the Polana Chochołowska
Lodge, which releases into the local Chochołowski Stream. Both streams experience
large increases in the concentration of NH 4
+ and PO 4
3− (Fig. 13.9). The greatest
effect of wastewater release into these streams on the concentration of these ions
occurs at low water stages. The concentration of NH 4
+ in stream water downstream
of the wastewater release point was about 200 times larger than the concentration
upstream of the release point, while PO 4
3− concentrations were roughly 30 times
higher. The concentration of NO 3
− in Roztoka Stream increased markedly following
the release of untreated wastewater from the Lodge in the Valley of Five Polish Ponds.
Stream water pollution caused by wastewater releases from tourist lodges has been
a key problem in Tatra National Park for a number of years. In 2009 the wastewater
Fig. 13.9 Statistical characteristics of NH 4
+ and PO 4
3− concentrations of stream water upstream
(U) and downstream (D) from the discharge point of wastewater produced by tourist lodges in the
Tatra National Park (after Siwek and Biernacki [79], changed)