228
A. Krawiec
resources restoration is observed together with slow freshening of aquifers degraded
by saline waters.
The efficient groundwater extraction in the coastal zone is an important issue.
In holiday resorts, the demand for freshwater greatly increases, especially in the
summer season. In larger coastal towns, water extraction increased ca. 2-3 times in
the summer season, and at some small water intakes—even several times. Excessive
exploitation of aquifers on the southern Baltic coast leads to the development of
chloride anomalies and the closure of many groundwater intakes. Monitoring the
volume and quality of freshwater extraction, as well as safely assessing the admissible
volume of extracted water for all water management areas will prevent the future
degradation of groundwater resources through salinity.
References
1. Kozerski B (1981) Saltwater intrusions into coastal aquifers of Gdansk region. In: Proceedings
7th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Uppsala, 27:83–89
2. Kozerski B (1983) Problems of the saltwater origin in the Vistula delta aquifers. In: Geologia
Applicata e Idrogeologia. In: Proceedings 8th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Bari XVIII(II):
325–334. In: Proceedings 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting
3. Krawiec, A (2013) The origin of chloride anomalies in the groundwaters of the Polish Baltic
coast (in polish, eng. Sum). Nicholas Copernicus Univ Publ Toru´ n, pp 1–143
4. Kleczkowski AS, Nguyen-Manh-Ha (1977) The Effect of the Baltic Water on the chemical
composition of groundwater. Bull L’Academie Pol Sci 251:31–38
5. Kozerski B, Kwaterkiewicz A (1984) Zones of salinity of groundwater and its dynamics on the
Vistula delta plane (in polish, eng.sum). Arch Hydrotech 31(3):231–255
6. Zuber A, Kozerski B, Sadurski A, Kwaterkiewicz A, Grabczak J (1990) Origin of brackish
waters in the Quatemary aquifer of the Vistula delta. In: Proceedings 11th Salt Water Intrusion
Meeting, Gda´ nsk, pp 249–262
7. Zuber A, Grabczak J (1991) Origin of saline waters in the Mesozoic of Central and Northern
Poland (in Polish). Współczesne Problemy Hydrogeologii, SGGW-AR, Warsaw, pp 202–208
8. Burzy´ nski K, Sadurski A (1990) The groundwater exchange rate of the Southern Baltic coastal
lowland. Jour Hydrology 119:293–306
9. Burzy´ nski K, Sadurski A (1991) Application of the Finite Element Method to Problems Related
to the Origin of Mineralised Waters, as Exemplified by the Trough of Lake ˙
Zarnowieckie. Bull
Pol Acad Sci 394: 389–397
10. Burzy´ nski K, Krawiec A, Sadurski A (2005) The Origin of Groundwater in the Light of
Circulation Systems on the Polish Western Coast of the Baltic Sea. In: Proceedings 18th Salt
Water Intrusion Meeting, Cartagena, Madrid, pp 521–531
11. Krawiec A, Rübel A, Sadurski, A, Weise SM, Zuber A (2000) Preliminary hydrochemical,
isotope, and noble gas investigations on the origin of salinity in coastal aquifers of western
pomerania, Poland. In: Proceedings 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Toru´ n, pp 87–94
12. Przewłócka M, Jaworska-Szulc B, Kozerski B, Pruszkowska-Caceres M, Szymkiewicz A,
Kwaterkiewicz A (2018) Freshening of salinized groundwater in Gda´ nsk Quaternary aquifer.
In: Proceedings 25th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Gda´ nsk, pp 230–235
13. Mojski JE, Tomczak A (1994) Wi˛ eksze formy subglacjalne w rze´ zbie podczwartorz˛ edowej
polskiego wybrze˙ za. Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. Geografia 27:241–247
14. Tomczak A (1995) Geological structure and Holocene evolution of the Polish coastal zone.
Prace Pa´ nstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 149:90–102
A. Krawiec
resources restoration is observed together with slow freshening of aquifers degraded
by saline waters.
The efficient groundwater extraction in the coastal zone is an important issue.
In holiday resorts, the demand for freshwater greatly increases, especially in the
summer season. In larger coastal towns, water extraction increased ca. 2-3 times in
the summer season, and at some small water intakes—even several times. Excessive
exploitation of aquifers on the southern Baltic coast leads to the development of
chloride anomalies and the closure of many groundwater intakes. Monitoring the
volume and quality of freshwater extraction, as well as safely assessing the admissible
volume of extracted water for all water management areas will prevent the future
degradation of groundwater resources through salinity.
References
1. Kozerski B (1981) Saltwater intrusions into coastal aquifers of Gdansk region. In: Proceedings
7th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Uppsala, 27:83–89
2. Kozerski B (1983) Problems of the saltwater origin in the Vistula delta aquifers. In: Geologia
Applicata e Idrogeologia. In: Proceedings 8th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Bari XVIII(II):
325–334. In: Proceedings 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting
3. Krawiec, A (2013) The origin of chloride anomalies in the groundwaters of the Polish Baltic
coast (in polish, eng. Sum). Nicholas Copernicus Univ Publ Toru´ n, pp 1–143
4. Kleczkowski AS, Nguyen-Manh-Ha (1977) The Effect of the Baltic Water on the chemical
composition of groundwater. Bull L’Academie Pol Sci 251:31–38
5. Kozerski B, Kwaterkiewicz A (1984) Zones of salinity of groundwater and its dynamics on the
Vistula delta plane (in polish, eng.sum). Arch Hydrotech 31(3):231–255
6. Zuber A, Kozerski B, Sadurski A, Kwaterkiewicz A, Grabczak J (1990) Origin of brackish
waters in the Quatemary aquifer of the Vistula delta. In: Proceedings 11th Salt Water Intrusion
Meeting, Gda´ nsk, pp 249–262
7. Zuber A, Grabczak J (1991) Origin of saline waters in the Mesozoic of Central and Northern
Poland (in Polish). Współczesne Problemy Hydrogeologii, SGGW-AR, Warsaw, pp 202–208
8. Burzy´ nski K, Sadurski A (1990) The groundwater exchange rate of the Southern Baltic coastal
lowland. Jour Hydrology 119:293–306
9. Burzy´ nski K, Sadurski A (1991) Application of the Finite Element Method to Problems Related
to the Origin of Mineralised Waters, as Exemplified by the Trough of Lake ˙
Zarnowieckie. Bull
Pol Acad Sci 394: 389–397
10. Burzy´ nski K, Krawiec A, Sadurski A (2005) The Origin of Groundwater in the Light of
Circulation Systems on the Polish Western Coast of the Baltic Sea. In: Proceedings 18th Salt
Water Intrusion Meeting, Cartagena, Madrid, pp 521–531
11. Krawiec A, Rübel A, Sadurski, A, Weise SM, Zuber A (2000) Preliminary hydrochemical,
isotope, and noble gas investigations on the origin of salinity in coastal aquifers of western
pomerania, Poland. In: Proceedings 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Toru´ n, pp 87–94
12. Przewłócka M, Jaworska-Szulc B, Kozerski B, Pruszkowska-Caceres M, Szymkiewicz A,
Kwaterkiewicz A (2018) Freshening of salinized groundwater in Gda´ nsk Quaternary aquifer.
In: Proceedings 25th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Gda´ nsk, pp 230–235
13. Mojski JE, Tomczak A (1994) Wi˛ eksze formy subglacjalne w rze´ zbie podczwartorz˛ edowej
polskiego wybrze˙ za. Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. Geografia 27:241–247
14. Tomczak A (1995) Geological structure and Holocene evolution of the Polish coastal zone.
Prace Pa´ nstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 149:90–102