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R. Ula´ nczyk et al.
The Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D) is an example of a three-dimensional
coupled hydrodynamic and ecosystems model. It is provided and supported by
the HydroNumerics company (www.hydronumerics.com.au) and is based on two
models, i.e. ELCOM (Estuary, Lake, and Coastal Ocean Model) and CAEDYM
(Computation Aquatic Ecosystem DYnamics Model) developed earlier by the Centre
for Water Research—University of Western Australia [22–24]. The AEM3D allows
to simulate among others: water flow, water temperature and density, cycles of
nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, silica, carbon, sediments, metals and organic matter,
the biomass of bacteria, plankton and macrophytes [24].
8.2 Mathematical Models of Lakes and Dammed
Reservoirs—Examples of Practical Applications
This section presents five applications of the AEM3D model and coupled ELCOMCAEDYM models. Applications were selected in such way, as to represent various
case studies differentiated not only by characteristics of the water body and its
catchment area but also (and primarily) by the goal of the model application.
8.2.1 Goczałkowice Reservoir
The Goczałkowice Reservoir is the biggest dam reservoir in the south of Poland. It
covers over 32 km
2 and has two main inflows: Small Vistula (approx. 80% of the
inflow) and Bajerka. The reservoir was created in 1955 and it protects downstream
areas from floods and droughts, serves as a part of system supplying the Upper Silesian agglomeration with potable water (~ 3.4 million inhabitants) and helps to protect
a wide range of habitats and species as a part of the Natura 2000 system [25–27].
Average water depth is 5.5 m, and the maximum is 13 m for the normal damming
level. The reservoir drains the area of 530 km
2 that includes high plains and mountains. Model of the reservoir was prepared as one of the tasks in the research project
“Integrated system supporting management and protection of water dam reservoir”
(Polish acronym: ZiZOZap) funded from the European Regional Development Fund
under the Operational Programme Innovative Economy. Goals of the model application included a presentation of real-time status of the reservoir and provision of a
tool capable of analyses of impacts of various reservoir management scenarios. The
model that was used for the real-time analyses was of 100 m horizontal resolution
and included 20 water layers with thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1.25 m. The total
number of calculation cells was 41,683. However, for detailed analyses of reservoir
hydrodynamics, a model of horizontal resolution equal to 20 m was used. The model
was parameterized in order to enable the simulation of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics based on inputs regarding two main surface inflows, five inflows from
R. Ula´ nczyk et al.
The Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D) is an example of a three-dimensional
coupled hydrodynamic and ecosystems model. It is provided and supported by
the HydroNumerics company (www.hydronumerics.com.au) and is based on two
models, i.e. ELCOM (Estuary, Lake, and Coastal Ocean Model) and CAEDYM
(Computation Aquatic Ecosystem DYnamics Model) developed earlier by the Centre
for Water Research—University of Western Australia [22–24]. The AEM3D allows
to simulate among others: water flow, water temperature and density, cycles of
nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, silica, carbon, sediments, metals and organic matter,
the biomass of bacteria, plankton and macrophytes [24].
8.2 Mathematical Models of Lakes and Dammed
Reservoirs—Examples of Practical Applications
This section presents five applications of the AEM3D model and coupled ELCOMCAEDYM models. Applications were selected in such way, as to represent various
case studies differentiated not only by characteristics of the water body and its
catchment area but also (and primarily) by the goal of the model application.
8.2.1 Goczałkowice Reservoir
The Goczałkowice Reservoir is the biggest dam reservoir in the south of Poland. It
covers over 32 km
2 and has two main inflows: Small Vistula (approx. 80% of the
inflow) and Bajerka. The reservoir was created in 1955 and it protects downstream
areas from floods and droughts, serves as a part of system supplying the Upper Silesian agglomeration with potable water (~ 3.4 million inhabitants) and helps to protect
a wide range of habitats and species as a part of the Natura 2000 system [25–27].
Average water depth is 5.5 m, and the maximum is 13 m for the normal damming
level. The reservoir drains the area of 530 km
2 that includes high plains and mountains. Model of the reservoir was prepared as one of the tasks in the research project
“Integrated system supporting management and protection of water dam reservoir”
(Polish acronym: ZiZOZap) funded from the European Regional Development Fund
under the Operational Programme Innovative Economy. Goals of the model application included a presentation of real-time status of the reservoir and provision of a
tool capable of analyses of impacts of various reservoir management scenarios. The
model that was used for the real-time analyses was of 100 m horizontal resolution
and included 20 water layers with thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1.25 m. The total
number of calculation cells was 41,683. However, for detailed analyses of reservoir
hydrodynamics, a model of horizontal resolution equal to 20 m was used. The model
was parameterized in order to enable the simulation of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics based on inputs regarding two main surface inflows, five inflows from